發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-13 19:09

  本文選題：可溶性膳食纖維　切入點(diǎn)：不溶性膳食纖維　出處：《南昌大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近年來糖尿病患者數(shù)量急劇上升,其中95%以上為第Ⅱ型糖尿病,已成為第三大非傳染性疾病,僅次于心血管病和腫瘤,尋求一個(gè)可行的方法預(yù)防和治療糖尿病具有重要意義。膳食纖維具有獨(dú)特的物理和化學(xué)性質(zhì)及其他生理功能,已報(bào)導(dǎo)具備降血糖功效�？赡艿臋C(jī)理包括纖維本身的凝膠性,提高機(jī)體對胰島素的敏感性,增加飽腹感,抑制消化酶,增加胰島素受體細(xì)胞等。 本課題以鏈脲霉素結(jié)合煙酰胺建立Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠模型,通過比較不同性別,不同體重的SD大鼠造模成功率,研究了最佳的造模條件。在此基礎(chǔ)上研究了不同膳食纖維包括可溶性膳食纖維、不溶性膳食纖維及全膳食纖維及阿卡波糖片對Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠血糖的影響,并從糖化血紅蛋白,糖耐量,肝糖原等方面分析了體內(nèi)降血糖的可能機(jī)制。通過體外實(shí)驗(yàn),比較膳食纖維對α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用,分析了膳食纖維降血糖的可能作用機(jī)制。 模型建立實(shí)驗(yàn)表明：Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠的最佳造模條件為220 g雄性SD大鼠,雌性以及其他體重范圍的大鼠成模率低并且不穩(wěn)定。這可能是由于220 g雄性大鼠對鏈脲霉素更為敏感,且220 g體重時(shí)大鼠處于青年期,最適于造模。 膳食纖維對糖尿病大鼠體內(nèi)血糖影響及機(jī)理研究： ①血糖影響： 從空腹血糖及糖化血紅蛋白可以看出膳食纖維可降低糖尿病大鼠的血糖水平,其中空腹血糖研究中,降血糖效果為不溶性膳食纖維總膳食纖維可溶性膳食纖維阿卡波糖；糖化血紅蛋白研究中,降低效果為阿卡波糖不溶性膳食纖維總膳食纖維可溶性膳食纖維。 ②機(jī)理研究： 從口服糖耐量和糖化血紅蛋白實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果可以得出,膳食纖維降血糖功效可能來自于其對胰島素分泌的刺激作用,其中口服糖耐量實(shí)驗(yàn)中,不溶性膳食纖維總膳食纖維可溶性膳食纖維； 從肝糖原檢測結(jié)果可以得出,膳食纖維降血糖可能來自于其對糖原合成過程的激活,增加了糖原的合成,減少了糖原的異生作用。其結(jié)果為,阿卡波糖片不溶性膳食纖維略微總膳食纖維可溶性膳食纖維。 體重實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,膳食纖維還可以適當(dāng)對糖尿病患者肌肉的過度消耗起到保護(hù)作用,可對體重值有穩(wěn)定效果。其中空白組、可溶性膳食纖維和拜糖平組體重變化類似,不溶性膳食纖維組大鼠體重增加略微快一點(diǎn)。 從體內(nèi)降血糖實(shí)驗(yàn)可以得出,膳食纖維體內(nèi)降血糖可能來自于其對胰島素的刺激作用,增加胰島素的敏感性,刺激肝糖原合成,抑制糖原異生,從而達(dá)到控制空腹血糖和糖化血紅蛋白的作用,最終降低糖尿病大鼠的血糖值。 ③體外降血糖,各膳食纖維抑制率的值比較可得,藥物拜糖平的抑制活性最高,為65.93%,全膳食纖維相與單一纖維組結(jié)果極為接近,為43%左右。單 一膳食纖維組中,不溶性膳食纖維組的抑制活性略高于可溶性膳食纖維組,但是兩者差別不大。 總之,膳食纖維具備降血糖功效,通過比較三種不同的纖維發(fā)現(xiàn)不溶性膳食纖維降血糖效果較佳,其降血糖主要機(jī)理可能是刺激胰島素分泌,抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性,激活糖原合成過程,降低空腹血糖及糖化血紅蛋白含量。
[Abstract]:In recent years, a sharp rise in the number of patients with diabetes, of which more than 95% for type II diabetes, has become the third largest non infectious disease after cardiovascular disease and cancer, has important significance to find a feasible method for prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus. Dietary fiber has unique physical and chemical properties and other physiological functions, have been reported with hypoglycemic efficacy. Possible mechanisms include the gel fiber itself, increase the body's sensitivity to insulin, increase satiety and inhibit digestive enzymes and increase insulin receptor cells.
This paper induced by nicotinamide streptozotocin to establish the model of type II diabetic rats, through the comparison of different gender, different weight of the SD rats model success rate of mold, the best conditions. On the basis of different dietary fiber including soluble dietary fiber, insoluble dietary fiber and the effect of dietary fiber and Acarbose Tablet on blood glucose in type 2 diabetic rats, and from the glycated hemoglobin, glucose tolerance, liver glycogen and other aspects to analyze the possible mechanism of lowering blood glucose in vivo. In vitro, inhibiting effect of dietary fiber on the comparison of alpha glucosidase, analyzed the possible mechanism of lowering blood glucose of dietary fiber.
Experimental results show that the model rats of type II diabetes the best molding conditions for 220 g male SD rats, weight range and other female rats model was low and unstable. This may be due to 220 g male rats of streptozotocin was more sensitive, and 220 g body weight in rats in the period of youth, the most suitable for modeling.
Study on the effect of dietary fiber on blood glucose in diabetic rats and its mechanism:
(1) influence of blood sugar:
The fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin that dietary fiber can reduce blood glucose levels in diabetic rats, fasting blood glucose in the study, the hypoglycemic effect of insoluble dietary fiber total dietary fiber soluble dietary fiber of acarbose; glycosylated hemoglobin in the study, the decreasing effect of acarbose for insoluble dietary fiber and soluble dietary fiber of total diet fiber.
Study of mechanism:
From the oral glucose tolerance and glycosylated hemoglobin test results, we can conclude that the hypoglycemic effect of dietary fiber may come from its stimulating effect on insulin secretion, of which the insoluble dietary fiber, total dietary fiber and soluble dietary fiber are the oral glucose tolerance tests.
It can be concluded from the test results of liver glycogen, dietary fiber may lower blood sugar from the activation of glycogen synthesis, increased synthesis of glycogen, reduce the role of glycogen gluconeogenesis. As a result, Acarbose Tablet insoluble dietary fiber total dietary fiber slightly soluble dietary fiber.
The experimental results showed that the body weight, dietary fiber can also be appropriate to excessive consumption on muscle in patients with diabetes mellitus play a protective role, can have a stable effect on body weight. The blank control group, soluble dietary fiber and acarbose group, weight change is similar to that of insoluble dietary fiber in rats body weight increased slightly faster.
From the in vivo experiment, dietary fiber may lower blood sugar the body from the stimulation of insulin, increase insulin sensitivity and stimulate glycogen synthesis, inhibition of gluconeogenesis, so as to achieve the control of FPG and HbA1c, ultimately lowering blood glucose levels in diabetic rats.
(3) in vitro hypoglycemic activity, the inhibition rate of each dietary fiber was relatively acceptable. The inhibitory activity of BB was 65.93%, and the total dietary fiber phase was very close to that of single fiber group, about 43%.
In a dietary fiber group, the inhibitory activity of the insoluble dietary fiber group was slightly higher than that in the soluble dietary fiber group, but the difference was not significant.
In conclusion, dietary fiber has hypoglycemic effect, through the comparison of three different fibers found in insoluble dietary fiber hypoglycemic effect is better, its hypoglycemic mechanism may be the main stimulation of insulin secretion, inhibition of alpha glucosidase activity, activation of the glycogen synthesis process, reduce fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin content.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南昌大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：R-332;R587.1

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