本文選題：小學(xué)教師　切入點(diǎn)：抑郁　出處：《中南大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：目的：了解長(zhǎng)沙市小學(xué)教師的抑郁和焦慮狀況及其影響因素,探討抑郁和焦慮與動(dòng)脈彈性的相關(guān)性。 方法：采用分層整群隨機(jī)抽樣方法,按長(zhǎng)沙市5個(gè)行政區(qū)分層,每個(gè)區(qū)隨機(jī)抽取3-4個(gè)學(xué)校,共抽取了19所小學(xué)的1100名小學(xué)老師作為研究對(duì)象。采用自行編制的一般情況調(diào)查表、病人健康問(wèn)卷抑郁量表(The Patient Health Questionnaire, PHQ-9)、狀態(tài)-特質(zhì)焦慮問(wèn)卷(State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, STAI)對(duì)小學(xué)教師進(jìn)行了調(diào)查。從調(diào)查教師中篩選出抑郁組146人,狀態(tài)焦慮病例組150人,特質(zhì)焦慮組160人,正常對(duì)照組188人。采用脈搏波傳導(dǎo)速度(pulse wave velocity,PWV)自動(dòng)分析儀(Complior SP)測(cè)量病例組和對(duì)照組的頸-股PWV(CF-PWV)、頸-橈PWV(CR-PWV)、頸-踝PWV (CA-PWV)。 結(jié)果：研究回收有效問(wèn)卷1010份,有效回收率為91.8%,調(diào)查對(duì)象平均年齡為34.4歲,女性占77.0%。 PHQ-9平均得分為5.41。小學(xué)教師中重度抑郁情緒的患病率為14.8%。抑郁情緒發(fā)生前四位為：精力缺乏、睡眠問(wèn)題、心情低落和愉快感喪失。不同家庭月均收入、不同教學(xué)科目、是否飲酒、是否有軀體疾病和不同自評(píng)壓力的教師抑郁情緒程度不同,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P0.05)。多因素分析結(jié)果顯示抑郁情緒程度升高的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素有家庭月均收入低于2000元(OR=1.846,參照月均收入4000元以上)、軀體疾病(OR=1.461,參照無(wú)疾病)、自評(píng)壓力中度和重度(OR=2.846和6.828,參照自評(píng)壓力輕度)。 1010名教師中男性教師狀態(tài)焦慮均分為42.56,特質(zhì)焦慮均分為42.22,女性教師狀態(tài)焦慮均分為43.44,特質(zhì)焦慮均分為42.68。單因素分析結(jié)果顯示：不同教學(xué)科目、是否吸煙的教師特質(zhì)焦慮評(píng)分差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P0.05)。非條件logistic回歸分析結(jié)果顯示：狀態(tài)焦慮情緒發(fā)生的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素有年齡為30-39歲(OR=2.135,參照年齡20-29歲組)、教齡在11-20年間(OR=3.169,參照教齡10年以下)；特質(zhì)焦慮發(fā)生的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素有飲酒(OR=2.870,參照不飲酒)、教齡在11-20年間(OR=3.373,參照教齡10年以下)。 抑郁、狀態(tài)焦慮和特質(zhì)焦慮3個(gè)病例組與正常對(duì)照組在CF-PWV、CR-PWV和CA-PWV上差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P0.05)。多元線性回歸分析結(jié)果顯示：CF-PWV與年齡、收縮壓、心率、抑郁情緒、狀態(tài)焦慮情緒、特質(zhì)焦慮情緒正相關(guān)；CR-PWV與性別、收縮壓、舒張壓、抑郁情緒、狀態(tài)焦慮情緒、特質(zhì)焦慮情緒正相關(guān),與年齡負(fù)相關(guān)；CA-PWV與性別、年齡、收縮壓、抑郁情緒、狀態(tài)焦慮情緒、特質(zhì)焦慮情緒正相關(guān)。 結(jié)論：長(zhǎng)沙市小學(xué)教師中重度抑郁情緒患病率為14.8%,最常見的抑郁情緒為：精力缺乏、睡眠問(wèn)題、心情低落和愉快感喪失。男女小學(xué)教師的狀態(tài)-特質(zhì)焦慮都顯著高于普通健康人群常模。家庭月均收入過(guò)低、患有軀體疾病、工作壓力過(guò)大導(dǎo)致小學(xué)教師抑郁情緒程度升高。年齡30-49歲和教齡11-20年的小學(xué)教師易患狀態(tài)焦慮。教齡11-20年和飲酒的小學(xué)教師易發(fā)生特質(zhì)焦慮。在控制其他因素后,抑郁和焦慮與PWV存在正相關(guān)。
[Abstract]:Objective: to investigate the relationship between depression and anxiety and arterial elasticity in primary school teachers in Changsha. Methods: a stratified cluster random sampling method was used to randomly select 3-4 schools in 5 administrative districts of Changsha. A total of 1100 primary school teachers from 19 primary schools were selected as subjects. The Patient Health questionnaire for depression (PHQ-9) and State-Trait Anxiety inventory questionnaire (STAI) were used to investigate primary school teachers. The CF-PWV, CR-PWV and CA-PWVV of cervical and femoral PWVs were measured by pulse wave velocity-PWV automatic analyzer in normal control group and control group. Results: 1010 effective questionnaires were collected and the effective recovery rate was 91.8%. The average age of the subjects was 34.4 years old. The average score of PHQ-9 was 5.41. The prevalence of moderate and severe depression in primary school teachers was 14.8. The first four leading causes of depression were: lack of energy, sleep problems, depression and loss of pleasure. There were different levels of depression among teachers with physical illness and different self-rated stress. The results of multivariate analysis showed that the independent risk factors for increasing the degree of depression were as follows: the average monthly income of families was less than 2000 yuan, the average monthly income of reference months was more than 4000 yuan, the body disease was 1.461, the reference was no disease, self-assessment of blood pressure. The mean and severe stress of ORX was 2.846 and 6.828, with reference to the mild self-assessment pressure. Among 1010 teachers, male teachers were divided into 42.56, trait anxiety 42.22, female teachers state anxiety 43.44, trait anxiety 42.68. The results of non-conditional logistic regression analysis showed that the independent risk factors for the occurrence of state anxiety were: the age of 30-39 years old was 2.135, the reference age 20-29 years old, the teaching age was 11-20 years old, the scores of teachers' trait anxiety scores were statistically significant (P < 0.05), and the results of non-conditional logistic regression analysis showed that the independent risk factors for the occurrence of state anxiety were 30 to 39 years old. The independent risk factors for the occurrence of trait anxiety were alcohol consumption (OR 2.870), no alcohol consumption (refer to no alcohol consumption), the teaching period from 11 to 20 years (OR3.373) and the teaching age of less than 10 years (P < 10 years). There were significant differences in CR-PWV and CA-PWV between the depression, state anxiety and trait anxiety groups compared with the normal control group (P 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that: CF-PWV was associated with age, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, depressive mood, and state anxiety. CR-PWV was positively correlated with gender, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, depression, state anxiety, trait anxiety, and CA-PWV was negatively correlated with gender, age, systolic blood pressure, depression, state anxiety. Trait anxiety is positively correlated. Conclusion: the prevalence of moderate and severe depression among primary school teachers in Changsha is 14.8.The most common depression is: lack of energy, sleep problems, The state-trait anxiety of male and female primary school teachers was significantly higher than the norm of the general healthy population. The average monthly income of families was too low and they were suffering from physical diseases. Excessive work stress resulted in increased depression among primary school teachers. Primary school teachers aged 30-49 years and teaching years 11-20 years were prone to state anxiety. Primary school teachers with 11-20 years of teaching years and drinking alcohol were prone to trait anxiety. Depression and anxiety were positively correlated with PWV.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：R395

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