本文關(guān)鍵詞： miRNA 基因表達(dá) 基因調(diào)控 生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育　出處：《華中科技大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：microRNA(miRNA)是生物體內(nèi)類(lèi)長(zhǎng)約21-25個(gè)核苷酸的非蛋白編碼的單鏈小分子RNA。它以堿基互補(bǔ)配對(duì)的方式結(jié)合到靶mRNA的3非翻譯區(qū)(3UTR),通過(guò)剪切、降解靶mRNA或是抑制靶mRNA的翻譯,在基因轉(zhuǎn)錄后水平上微調(diào)基因的表達(dá)。大量的研究證明,miRNA在細(xì)胞的分化、增殖與凋亡,生物體的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育,腫瘤的形成以及多種疾病的發(fā)生等多種過(guò)程中起著極其重要的基因表達(dá)調(diào)控作用。 研究表明,miRNA的表達(dá)具有組織特異性和表達(dá)時(shí)序性。我們通過(guò)檢測(cè)和分析我們收集到的例成人與例胎兒各七種組織(肝臟組織、肺組織、大腸組織、脾臟組織、腎臟組織、大腦組織、心臟組織)中,miRNA在二者各相應(yīng)組織中表達(dá)含量的異同,來(lái)探究其在生物體生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育過(guò)程中的變化趨勢(shì)并推測(cè)相關(guān)miRNA的生物學(xué)功能。 我們將以上十四個(gè)組織分別依次采取:小分子RNA的提取,加多聚A尾,用苯酚-氯仿法抽提多聚A尾的小RNA,逆轉(zhuǎn)錄,在特定PCR體系下進(jìn)行逆轉(zhuǎn)錄PCR以及實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR等實(shí)驗(yàn)方法來(lái)檢測(cè)miRNA的表達(dá)含量。 經(jīng)過(guò)相關(guān)的統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)胎兒樣本各組織中總miRNAs的表達(dá)量比相對(duì)應(yīng)的成人樣本中總miRNAs的表達(dá)量高。與此同時(shí),在胎兒及成人相對(duì)應(yīng)的組織中表達(dá)量排名前十的miRNA的種類(lèi)也不盡相同。而胎兒樣本跟成人樣本在相同組織中同種miRNA的表達(dá)量上也有很大的不同。 通過(guò)對(duì)miRNAs靶基因的預(yù)測(cè)分析,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)miRNAs的表達(dá)是具有協(xié)同性的,很多miRNAs通過(guò)協(xié)同表達(dá),對(duì)某種或幾種與細(xì)胞增殖,組織分化等生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育相關(guān)或關(guān)鍵的基因進(jìn)行調(diào)控。我們推測(cè)在胚胎發(fā)育時(shí)期,miRNA在生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育過(guò)程中所扮演的角色是至關(guān)重要的。相較而言,miRNA在正常成人機(jī)體中的所發(fā)揮的調(diào)控作用則并沒(méi)有胚胎時(shí)期那么的顯著。
[Abstract]:MicroRNAs miRNAs are nonprotein-encoded single-stranded small molecules encoding about 21-25 nucleotides in vivo. They bind to the three untranslated regions of the target mRNA in the form of complementary pairs of bases, by cutting, degrading the target mRNA, or inhibiting the translation of the target mRNA. A large number of studies have demonstrated the differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis of miRNA in cells, and the growth and development of organisms. Tumor formation and the occurrence of many diseases play an important role in the regulation of gene expression. Studies have shown that the expression of miRNA is tissue specific and sequential. We detected and analyzed seven tissues (liver, lung, large intestine, spleen, kidney) of adult and fetal tissues we collected. In order to explore the change trend of miRNA in the growth and development of organism and to speculate the biological function of related miRNA, the similarities and differences of the expression of miRNAs in the brain and heart tissues were studied. We took the following 14 tissues in turn: small molecular RNA extraction, addition of poly A tail, phenol chloroform extraction of poly A tail small RNAs, reverse transcriptase, reverse transcriptase (RT), reverse transcriptase (RT), reverse transcriptase (RT), reverse transcriptase (RT). Reverse transcription PCR and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR were used to detect the expression of miRNA in a specific PCR system. Through the statistical analysis, we found that the expression of total miRNAs in fetal samples was higher than that in adult samples. At the same time, The expression of miRNA in fetal and adult tissues was different from that in adult and fetal samples were different from adult samples in the same tissues. By analyzing the target genes of miRNAs, we find that the expression of miRNAs is synergistic. Many miRNAs cells proliferate with one or more of them by co-expression. We speculate that the role of miRNA in embryonic development is crucial in the process of growth and development. In contrast, the role of miRNA in normal adults. The role of regulation is not as significant as the embryonic stage.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：R394

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本文編號(hào)：1534873