本文關鍵詞： miRNA 基因表達 基因調(diào)控 生長發(fā)育　出處：《華中科技大學》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：microRNA(miRNA)是生物體內(nèi)類長約21-25個核苷酸的非蛋白編碼的單鏈小分子RNA。它以堿基互補配對的方式結(jié)合到靶mRNA的3非翻譯區(qū)(3UTR),通過剪切、降解靶mRNA或是抑制靶mRNA的翻譯,在基因轉(zhuǎn)錄后水平上微調(diào)基因的表達。大量的研究證明,miRNA在細胞的分化、增殖與凋亡,生物體的生長發(fā)育,腫瘤的形成以及多種疾病的發(fā)生等多種過程中起著極其重要的基因表達調(diào)控作用。 研究表明,miRNA的表達具有組織特異性和表達時序性。我們通過檢測和分析我們收集到的例成人與例胎兒各七種組織(肝臟組織、肺組織、大腸組織、脾臟組織、腎臟組織、大腦組織、心臟組織)中,miRNA在二者各相應組織中表達含量的異同,來探究其在生物體生長發(fā)育過程中的變化趨勢并推測相關miRNA的生物學功能。 我們將以上十四個組織分別依次采取:小分子RNA的提取,加多聚A尾,用苯酚-氯仿法抽提多聚A尾的小RNA,逆轉(zhuǎn)錄,在特定PCR體系下進行逆轉(zhuǎn)錄PCR以及實時熒光定量PCR等實驗方法來檢測miRNA的表達含量。 經(jīng)過相關的統(tǒng)計學分析,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)胎兒樣本各組織中總miRNAs的表達量比相對應的成人樣本中總miRNAs的表達量高。與此同時,在胎兒及成人相對應的組織中表達量排名前十的miRNA的種類也不盡相同。而胎兒樣本跟成人樣本在相同組織中同種miRNA的表達量上也有很大的不同。 通過對miRNAs靶基因的預測分析,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)miRNAs的表達是具有協(xié)同性的,很多miRNAs通過協(xié)同表達,對某種或幾種與細胞增殖,組織分化等生長發(fā)育相關或關鍵的基因進行調(diào)控。我們推測在胚胎發(fā)育時期,miRNA在生長發(fā)育過程中所扮演的角色是至關重要的。相較而言,miRNA在正常成人機體中的所發(fā)揮的調(diào)控作用則并沒有胚胎時期那么的顯著。
[Abstract]:MicroRNAs miRNAs are nonprotein-encoded single-stranded small molecules encoding about 21-25 nucleotides in vivo. They bind to the three untranslated regions of the target mRNA in the form of complementary pairs of bases, by cutting, degrading the target mRNA, or inhibiting the translation of the target mRNA. A large number of studies have demonstrated the differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis of miRNA in cells, and the growth and development of organisms. Tumor formation and the occurrence of many diseases play an important role in the regulation of gene expression. Studies have shown that the expression of miRNA is tissue specific and sequential. We detected and analyzed seven tissues (liver, lung, large intestine, spleen, kidney) of adult and fetal tissues we collected. In order to explore the change trend of miRNA in the growth and development of organism and to speculate the biological function of related miRNA, the similarities and differences of the expression of miRNAs in the brain and heart tissues were studied. We took the following 14 tissues in turn: small molecular RNA extraction, addition of poly A tail, phenol chloroform extraction of poly A tail small RNAs, reverse transcriptase, reverse transcriptase (RT), reverse transcriptase (RT), reverse transcriptase (RT), reverse transcriptase (RT). Reverse transcription PCR and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR were used to detect the expression of miRNA in a specific PCR system. Through the statistical analysis, we found that the expression of total miRNAs in fetal samples was higher than that in adult samples. At the same time, The expression of miRNA in fetal and adult tissues was different from that in adult and fetal samples were different from adult samples in the same tissues. By analyzing the target genes of miRNAs, we find that the expression of miRNAs is synergistic. Many miRNAs cells proliferate with one or more of them by co-expression. We speculate that the role of miRNA in embryonic development is crucial in the process of growth and development. In contrast, the role of miRNA in normal adults. The role of regulation is not as significant as the embryonic stage.
【學位授予單位】：華中科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：R394

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