本文關(guān)鍵詞： 老年 松果體 生長抑素 形態(tài)學 大鼠　出處：《河北醫(yī)科大學》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：目的:哺乳動物的松果體,是腦內(nèi)重要的神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌器官,可分泌多種單胺類和多肽類激素。隨著年齡的增長,松果體出現(xiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)變化和功能下降。本研究對老年大鼠松果體標本,進行光鏡和電鏡觀察,揭示老年動物松果體細微和超微結(jié)構(gòu)特點,以及生長抑素表達的變化,為深入研究松果體結(jié)構(gòu)和功能的關(guān)系,提供形態(tài)學依據(jù)。 方法: 1實驗動物與取材 選用健康老年(24月齡)SD大鼠15只,成年(3月齡)大鼠4只,雌雄不拘,由河北醫(yī)科大學實驗動物中心提供。于腹腔注射6%水合氯醛(0.5ml/100g)麻醉下,經(jīng)升主動脈插管快速灌流0.9%溫生理鹽水,再用4℃的3%多聚甲醛和1%戊二醛混合固定液灌注約2-3小時,斷頭取腦后切取松果體淺部,置于3%多聚甲醛和1%戊二醛混合溶液(4℃)中浸泡固定48小時,用于光鏡和電鏡樣品的制備。 2光鏡樣品制備與觀察 將醛類固定液固定的完整松果體標本,經(jīng)梯度乙醇脫水,二甲苯透明,石蠟包埋,組織切片,行常規(guī)HE染色,進行光鏡觀察,用于顯示松果體細微結(jié)構(gòu)。 3免疫組織化學染色與觀察 石蠟包埋的松果體組織切片,行生長抑素免疫組織化學染色,光鏡觀察生長抑素及其受體,在松果體組織內(nèi)各類細胞的表達。 4透射電鏡樣品制備與觀察 醛類固定的松果體標本,行常規(guī)透射電鏡樣品制備,超薄組織切片,進行透射電鏡觀察;以揭示老年大鼠松果體的超微結(jié)構(gòu)特點。 結(jié)果: 1石蠟包埋組織切片HE染色光鏡觀察顯示: 松果體由實質(zhì)和間質(zhì)所組成。松果體實質(zhì)主要由松果體細胞和少量膠質(zhì)細胞構(gòu)成;間質(zhì)為疏松的結(jié)締組織。青年組大鼠松果體細胞數(shù)目較多,排列緊密,胞核圓形,核仁明顯。老年組大鼠松果體細胞數(shù)目減低,排列疏松,胞質(zhì)內(nèi)出現(xiàn)脂滴;并伴有明顯的結(jié)締組織增生。 2石蠟切片免疫組織化學染色光鏡觀察顯示; 在青年組大鼠松果體組織切片,生長抑素免疫反應(yīng)陽性細胞,以及陽性反應(yīng)產(chǎn)物,主要位于松果體細胞的胞質(zhì);在松果體實質(zhì)內(nèi)還存在免疫反應(yīng)陽性纖維。在老年組動物松果體組織切片,生長抑素免疫反應(yīng)陽性細胞與對照組相似,陽性細胞為松果體細胞;免疫反應(yīng)陽性產(chǎn)物不僅出現(xiàn)在胞質(zhì),在胞核內(nèi)也有表達。 3超薄組織切片透射電鏡觀察顯示; 老年大鼠松果體有松果體囊包被,主細胞松果體細胞形態(tài)不規(guī)則,有兩個或多個突起,細胞間存在大量細胞間小管,小管相互之間,以及小管與松果體囊、血管周隙和結(jié)締組織間隙相互連通;松果體細胞的胞核形態(tài)不規(guī)則,可見胞核分葉,核膜凹陷形成皺褶,異染色質(zhì)明顯增多,甚至呈現(xiàn)染色質(zhì)邊集現(xiàn)象,有些出現(xiàn)細胞凋亡樣改變;有些細胞的部分線粒體腫脹變形,嵴溶解消失;常見少數(shù)細胞的內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)及高爾基復(fù)合體出現(xiàn)囊腔擴張,次級溶酶體、多泡小體增多,甚至出現(xiàn)大量的脂褐素顆粒沉積。大鼠松果體的毛細血管為有孔型毛細血管,血管內(nèi)皮外有明顯的基膜,基膜外是寬闊的結(jié)締組織間隙,周細胞也比較常見。 結(jié)論: 1大鼠松果體細胞為生長抑素免疫反應(yīng)陽性細胞,老年大鼠松果體細胞對生長抑素的表達增強,表現(xiàn)在胞質(zhì)和胞核同有表達。 2老年大鼠松果體呈現(xiàn)明顯的細微和超微結(jié)構(gòu)變化,主要表現(xiàn)在松果體細胞的減少,結(jié)締組織間質(zhì)成分的增多;松果體細胞內(nèi)外脂質(zhì)物質(zhì)的沉積,以及脂褐素顆粒或斑塊的形成。 3松果體組織結(jié)構(gòu),尤其是松果體細胞的形態(tài)學變化,可能與老年動物松果體功能的進行性減退有關(guān)。
[Abstract]:Objective: the pineal gland of mammals, is an important neuroendocrine organ in the brain, can secrete a variety of monoamine and peptide hormones. With the increase of age, the pineal gland appeared structural changes and functional decline. The study on the elderly rats were observed by light microscopy and electron microscopy, reveal the pineal gland and small animal the ultrastructural features and the changes of expression of somatostatin, for the study of the structure and function of the pineal gland, to provide morphological evidence.
Method:
1 experimental animals and materials
Healthy elderly (24 month old) 15 SD rats, adult (3 month old) 4 rats, male and female, provided by experimental animal center of Hebei Medical University. By intraperitoneal injection of 6% chloral hydrate (0.5ml/100g) under anesthesia by ascending aorta cannulation rapid perfusion 0.9% warm saline with 4 DEG C, 3% paraformaldehyde and 1% glutaraldehyde mixed stationary liquid perfusion for about 2-3 hours, decapitated behind cut pineal shallow, placed in 3% paraformaldehyde and 1% glutaraldehyde solution (4 DEG C) for fixed 48 hours, for light and electron microscopy sample preparation.
Preparation and observation of 2 light mirror samples
Samples of complete pineal gland fixed by aldehyde fixative were dehydrated by gradient ethanol, transparent with xylene and paraffin embedded. Tissue sections were stained with conventional HE. Light microscopy was used to observe the fine structure of pineal gland.
3 immunohistochemical staining and observation
Paraffin embedded pineal tissue slices were stained with somatostatin and immunohistochemistry. The expression of somatostatin and its receptors in pineal tissues was observed under light microscope.
Preparation and observation of 4 transmission electron microscope samples
The samples of pineal gland fixed by aldehydes were prepared by routine transmission electron microscopy, ultrathin sections and transmission electron microscope.
Result:
1 paraffin embedded tissue sections were observed by HE staining light microscopy.
The pineal gland is composed of parenchyma and stroma. The pineal parenchyma consists of pineal gland cells and a few glial cells; interstitial loose connective tissue. Many young rats pineal cells were arranged closely, round nuclei, prominent nucleoli. The aged rat pineal cell number decreased, loosely arranged and in the cytoplasm of lipid droplets; and with obvious hyperplasia of connective tissue.
2 paraffin sections were observed by immunohistochemical staining.
In the young rats body tissue, somatostatin immunoreactive cells, and positive reaction products, mainly located in the cytoplasm of the pineal gland cells in the pineal parenchyma; there are immunoreactive fibers in the aged group. Animal pineal tissue sections, somatostatin immunoreactive cells were similar to the control group. Positive cells in the pineal gland cells; immunoreactive not only appeared in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus is also expressed.
3 ultrathin tissue sections were observed by transmission electron microscopy.
The pineal body in aged rat pineal capsule were the main cells of the pineal gland cells were irregular, with two or more processes, there are a large number of cells between intercellular canaliculus, tubular and tubular and between the pineal capsule, and perivascular connective tissue space communicated with each other; the gland cells the nuclear morphology was irregular, lobulated nucleus visible, the formation of wrinkles nuclear membrane depression, heterochromatin increased significantly, or even a chromatin phenomenon, some cells appeared apoptosis like changes; some part of mitochondrial swelling deformation of cell, cristae disappeared; the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex common few cells had cystic dilatation, secondary lysosomes, multivesicular bodies increased, and even the emergence of large deposits of lipofuscin granules. The rat pineal gland capillaries were fenestrated capillary, obvious vascular endothelial basement membrane, membrane is wide between the connective tissue The pericytes are also common in the gap.
Conclusion:
The pineal cells of 1 rats were somatostatin immunoreactive cells, and the expression of somatostatin in pineal cells of aged rats was enhanced, showing the same expression in cytoplasm and nuclei.
Show fine structure and ultrastructure changes of 2 senile rat pineal gland, mainly to reduce pineal cells, increase of substance between the connective tissue deposition; pineal extracellular lipid substances, as well as the formation of lipofuscin granules or plaque.
3 the histological structure of pineal body, especially the morphological changes of pineal cells, may be related to the progressive degeneration of the function of the pineal body in the old animals.

【學位授予單位】：河北醫(yī)科大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：R322.8

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 沈建新,姚愈忠,陳培熹;褪黑激素對D-半乳糖處理小鼠學習記憶和腦組織超氧物歧化酶活力的影響[J];動物學報;1998年01期

2 鐵振軍,張?zhí)┎?王玉蘭;老年鼠胃竇黏膜與血漿生長抑素研究[J];北京醫(yī)學;2005年03期

3 李淑榮,武惠珍,倪新英;老齡大鼠松果體細胞超微結(jié)構(gòu)[J];電子顯微學報;2000年03期

4 蘇文榮,袁群芳,陳以慈,姚志彬;大鼠松果體衰老的形態(tài)學研究[J];解剖學研究;2004年02期

5 陳玨,張心保,瞿書濤;褪黑素與抑郁癥[J];國外醫(yī)學.精神病學分冊;1998年01期

6 王保芝,王建欽,石葛明,崔慧先,侯廣棋,樊宇兵;猴松果體毛細血管和分泌顆粒的超微結(jié)構(gòu)特征及其意義[J];河北醫(yī)科大學學報;1999年05期

7 袁崇剛,何令,方一蘭;褪黑素對持續(xù)光照小鼠學習記憶能力的影響[J];華東師范大學學報(自然科學版);1998年03期

8 王保芝,王建欽,崔慧先,石葛明,侯廣棋,郭蘭英;猴松果體分泌物釋放入腦脊液主要途徑的結(jié)構(gòu)基礎(chǔ)電鏡研究[J];解剖學報;2000年01期

9 王保芝,申新華,崔慧先,王學禮,劉貴生,王麗;神經(jīng)垂體多肽激素分泌顆粒釋放形式和轉(zhuǎn)運途徑的形態(tài)學研究[J];解剖學報;2004年05期

10 王正波;余四九;崔燕;;成年牦牛松果體的光鏡和電鏡觀察[J];解剖學報;2007年04期

，

本文編號：1479754