本文關鍵詞： 留守兒童 心理健康 綜合干預　出處：《武漢科技大學》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：目的本研究旨在了解具有不同特征的湖北省農村留守兒童心理健康狀況，評價綜合干預的效果，為促進留守兒童心理健康提供依據(jù)。 方法隨機抽取湖北省3個鄉(xiāng)縣6所中小學校，以在冊的1687名的農村留守兒童作為研究對象，使用SCL-90心理問卷量表進行測量。綜合干預6個月后，再次對受試對象進行心理狀況測量，比較不同特征留守兒童干預前后心理量表得分的差異。問卷調查的數(shù)據(jù)運用EpiDate3.0錄入，用SPSS16.0軟件進行統(tǒng)計學分析。 結果從湖北省三地農村留守兒童的心理狀況基線調查來看，其心理健康狀況不容樂觀。干預前，心理量表測試陽性率為27.56%（95%CI=25.62%~29.91%）。男性留守兒童心理狀況不如女性留守兒童，且在軀體化（t=3.664）、強迫癥狀（t=4.705）、敵對（t=3.23）、精神病性（t=2.17）等因子得分上具有統(tǒng)計學意義（P0.05）。父親監(jiān)護的留守兒童在軀體化、人際關系敏感性方面表現(xiàn)最為嚴重，親戚或鄰居監(jiān)護組強迫癥狀表現(xiàn)最為明顯。干預后，心理量表陽性率為23.86%（95%CI=21.80%~25.92%）。對干預效果建立二項Logistic回歸模型，母親有固定工作、與同學關系密切者二變量納入方程。男生在軀體化、強迫癥狀、人際關系敏感性、敵對、精神病性等因子得分仍高于女生，且強迫癥狀（t=5.203）、精神病性（t=2.368）等因子得分存在差異具有統(tǒng)計學意義（P0.05）。不同監(jiān)護類型的留守兒童，在各因子得分均有統(tǒng)計學意義（P0.05），親戚或鄰居監(jiān)護組的留守兒童因子得分均高于其他類型的監(jiān)護組，母親監(jiān)護組的因子分仍為最低。在傾訴方式上，留守兒童自己解決問題比例減少，轉向同伴、家人和老師求助。干預前后，男生在軀體化、恐怖、敵對、偏執(zhí)等因子得分降低且具有統(tǒng)計學意義（P0.05）。女生在恐怖因子得分有顯著性降低，且男生干預效果較女生好。單親監(jiān)護組的留守兒童9項因子得分均有降低，祖父母監(jiān)護組在強迫癥狀、人際關系敏感性、抑郁、敵對、恐怖、偏執(zhí)、精神病性等因子得分上有所降低；外祖父母監(jiān)護組在強迫癥狀因子得分上降低；親戚與鄰居監(jiān)護組在軀體化、焦慮、恐怖、偏執(zhí)、精神病性等因子得分上有所增加，差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義（P0.05）。 結論父（母）外出務工對留守兒童心理發(fā)育上造成一定傷害，對其開展綜合干預是可行和有效的。女生心理健康狀況好于男生，但干預效果不如男生；單親監(jiān)護類型的留守兒童心理問題干預效果好，，以母親監(jiān)護類型最為明顯；干預后留守兒童在傾訴方式上有所改變；母親有固定工作、與同學關系密切者干預效果顯著。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate the mental health status of rural left-behind children in Hubei province with different characteristics, to evaluate the effect of comprehensive intervention and to provide evidence for promoting the mental health of left-behind children. Methods A total of 1 687 rural left-behind children were randomly selected from 6 primary and secondary schools in 3 rural counties of Hubei Province. After 6 months of comprehensive intervention, the psychological status of the subjects was measured again. The scores of psychological scale of left-behind children with different characteristics were compared before and after intervention. The data of the questionnaire were recorded by EpiDate3.0 and analyzed statistically by SPSS16.0 software. Results from the baseline investigation of psychological status of left-behind children in three rural areas in Hubei Province, the mental health status was not optimistic. The positive rate of psychological scale test was 27.56% and 25.62% and 29.91% respectively. The psychological status of male left-behind children was not as good as that of female left-behind children. And in somatization, the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disease were 4.705 and 3.23 respectively. The scores of psychosis and other factors were statistically significant (P 0.05). The somatization and interpersonal sensitivity of left-behind children under the supervision of their father were the most serious. The obsessive-compulsive symptoms of relatives or neighbors were the most obvious. The positive rate of psychological scale was 23.866.95% and 21.80%, 25.920.The two Logistic regression models were established for the effect of intervention, and the mother had a fixed job. The scores of somatization, obsessive-compulsive symptom, interpersonal sensitivity, hostility and psychosis were still higher in male students than in girls, and the scores of obsessive-compulsive symptoms were 5.203). There were significant differences in the scores of mental disorders (2.368) and other factors (P 0.05). The scores of children left behind in different types of guardianship were statistically significant (P 0.05). The factor scores of left-behind children in relatives or neighbors group were higher than those in other types of guardianship group, and the factor score of mother group was still the lowest. In the way of confiding, the proportion of left-behind children solving problems decreased and turned to peers. Before and after the intervention, the scores of somatization, terror, hostility, paranoid ideation and other factors were decreased and the scores of female students were significantly decreased. The scores of 9 factors of left-behind children in single-parent care group were all lower than that of female children. The grandparents group had obsessive symptoms, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, hostility, phobia and paranoid ideation. The scores of psychosis and other factors were decreased. The score of obsessive-compulsive symptom was decreased in the grandparents group. The scores of somatization, anxiety, phobia, paranoid ideation, psychosis and so on were increased in relatives and neighbors group, and the difference was statistically significant (P 0.05). Conclusion it is feasible and effective to carry out comprehensive intervention on the mental development of left-behind children, and the mental health status of girls is better than that of boys, but the effect of intervention is not as good as that of boys. Single parent guardianship type of children left behind psychological problems intervention effect is good, especially the type of mother guardianship is the most obvious; After intervention, there were some changes in the way of talking to children left behind; Mothers had regular jobs, and those who had close relationship with their classmates had significant intervention effects.
【學位授予單位】：武漢科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R395

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