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  本文關(guān)鍵詞：中國部分區(qū)域黃胸鼠種群遺傳學(xué)研究　出處：《中國疾病預(yù)防控制中心》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 黃胸鼠 種群遺傳 微衛(wèi)星 線粒體DNA 種群結(jié)構(gòu) 遷移 多態(tài)性

【摘要】：黃胸鼠(Rattus tanezumi)主要分布于東亞和東南亞的低緯度地區(qū)。在中國,黃胸鼠是主要家棲鼠種之一,以前主要分布于長江流域及以南地區(qū),近年來黃胸鼠分布區(qū)域有所擴(kuò)大,西至青海省、西藏自治區(qū)和新疆維吾爾自治區(qū),北至河北省和遼寧省均有分布。黃胸鼠對房舍區(qū)的危害較重,而且其體表攜帶有多種寄生蟲,是許多細(xì)菌、立克次體和濾過性病毒的儲存宿主,傳播的重要傳染病有鼠疫、鉤端螺旋體病、地方性斑疹傷寒和腎綜合征出血熱等。黃胸鼠分布范圍的擴(kuò)大會給人類健康帶來新的威脅。我們對于中國的黃胸鼠進(jìn)行種群遺傳學(xué)研究,可以更深入地認(rèn)識黃胸鼠的相關(guān)生態(tài)學(xué)特點,為黃胸鼠的種群監(jiān)測和防控提供理論依據(jù)。 本研究運(yùn)用線粒體DNA和微衛(wèi)星序列兩種不同的分子遺傳標(biāo)記對于中國境內(nèi)的25個黃胸鼠種群的遺傳多樣性、遺傳結(jié)構(gòu)和遷移等方面進(jìn)行研究,其結(jié)果如下： (1)以磁珠富集法構(gòu)建了黃胸鼠微衛(wèi)星富集文庫,共篩選出黃胸鼠微衛(wèi)星引物13對。用這13對引物對于上海市普陀區(qū)和重慶市萬州區(qū)標(biāo)本中挑選出的50個樣本進(jìn)行擴(kuò)增,結(jié)果顯示所有的微衛(wèi)星位點均呈現(xiàn)高多態(tài)性,而且均偏離了哈迪-溫伯格平衡,種群呈現(xiàn)雜合子不足狀態(tài),但沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)任何兩個位點存在連鎖不平衡。成功篩選出的這些微衛(wèi)星引物對于黃胸鼠以及本屬其他物種的種群遺傳學(xué)研究有著重要意義。 (2)線粒體DNA和微衛(wèi)星序列數(shù)據(jù)共同表明不同地理區(qū)域的黃胸鼠種群遺傳多樣性差異較大。COI序列黃胸鼠種群的單倍型多樣性(Hd)為0.06061～0.79234,核苷酸多樣性(π)為0.00009-0.00532；D-loop序列種群的單倍型多樣性(Hd)為0.10000～0.88424,核苷酸多樣性(π)為0.00024～0.02165；微衛(wèi)星數(shù)據(jù)的種群觀察雜合度(Ho)為0.497～0.708,期望雜合度(He)為0.656～0.890,種群的等位基因數(shù)為5.15～15.15。云貴高原的種群表現(xiàn)出比較高的遺傳多樣性,而且遺傳分化也比較明顯。 (3)線粒體DNA和微衛(wèi)星序列這兩個遺傳標(biāo)記對于不同地理區(qū)域黃胸鼠種群的研究結(jié)果表明,自然環(huán)境對于黃胸鼠種群結(jié)構(gòu)的連續(xù)性產(chǎn)生明顯影響。云貴高原復(fù)雜的地理環(huán)境對于黃胸鼠的基因流產(chǎn)生明顯在阻隔作用,青藏高原也呈現(xiàn)一定的阻隔效應(yīng),但是瓊州海峽由于形成時間較晚,交通往來相對便利,并沒有對黃胸鼠的基因交流表現(xiàn)出影響。在種群遺傳距離和地理距離關(guān)系的研究中,二者幾乎無相關(guān)性,黃胸鼠的基因交流模式更加傾向于海島模型。 (4)通過這兩個遺傳標(biāo)記的種群遺傳距離及系統(tǒng)進(jìn)化樹研究表明,西藏拉薩和林芝地區(qū)的黃胸鼠與四川和重慶等地的黃胸鼠關(guān)系更近,極有可能通過川藏公路發(fā)生遷移；而北方如石家莊的黃胸鼠則與長江流域黃胸鼠親緣關(guān)系更近,很可能通過華中地區(qū)的京廣鐵路等重要交通線路向北方傳播。云貴高原的黃胸鼠與其他地區(qū)的黃胸鼠分化比較明顯,但是在雷州和義烏出現(xiàn)了與云貴地區(qū)存在緊密遺傳關(guān)系的單倍型,說明云貴高原的黃胸鼠可能通過某些因素向上述區(qū)域遷移,也提示云貴高原的黃胸鼠與上述曾經(jīng)發(fā)生鼠疫的地區(qū)存在某種內(nèi)在關(guān)聯(lián)。 (5)微衛(wèi)星序列的研究結(jié)果和線粒體DNA的研究結(jié)果并不完全吻合,如在種群配對FST值(遺傳分化系數(shù))上存在一些差異,這也進(jìn)一步說明只用綜合運(yùn)用不同的分子標(biāo)記進(jìn)行分析,才能更為準(zhǔn)確和有效地對物種種群遺傳情況作出評價。 本文運(yùn)用了線粒體DNA和微衛(wèi)星序列兩種不同的分子標(biāo)記分析了中國黃胸鼠種群的遺傳特征和地理分布的關(guān)系,為進(jìn)一步研究該物種與人類健康的關(guān)系奠定了基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:Rattus norvegicus is mainly distributed in the low latitude region of East Asia and Southeast Asia . In China , the yellow chest mouse is one of the main species of the dominant species , which has been mainly distributed in the Yangtze River valley and the south of the Yangtze River . In recent years , the distribution area of the yellow chest mouse has been enlarged , and its body surface carries many parasites . It is a major infectious disease with plague , leptospirosis , endemic typhus and hemorrhagic fever of kidney syndrome . In this study , the genetic diversity , genetic structure and migration of 25 yellow chest mouse populations in China were studied by using two different molecular genetic markers of mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite sequences . The results were as follows : ( 1 ) The microsatellite enrichment library of Rattus pectus was constructed by magnetic bead enrichment method , and 13 pairs of microsatellite primers were screened . The results showed that all the microsatellite loci were highly polymorphic , and all the microsatellite loci were deviated from Hardy - Wemberger ' s equilibrium , and the population presented a heterozygous deficiency , but no linkage disequilibrium was found in any two sites . The microsatellite primers successfully screened were of great significance for the study of the population genetics of Rattus flavobotus and other species of the genus . ( 2 ) The mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite sequence data show that the diversity of the population genetic diversity is larger in different geographical regions . The haplotype diversity ( Hd ) of the population of the COI sequence is 0.06061 - 0.79234 , the nucleotide diversity ( . pi . ) is 0.000001 - 0.00532 , the diversity of the nucleotide diversity ( Hd ) is 0.497 - 0.88424 , the number of alleles of the population is 5.15 - 15.15 . The population of the Yunnan - Guizhou Plateau shows relatively high genetic diversity , and the genetic differentiation is also obvious . ( 3 ) These two genetic markers of mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite sequences have a significant impact on the continuity of the population structure of the yellow chest mouse . The complex geographic environment of the Yungui Plateau has a clear effect on the gene flow of the yellow chest mouse . However , since the formation time is relatively late , the traffic flow is relatively convenient . In the study of the relationship between the population genetic distance and the geographical distance , there is little correlation between the two genes , and the gene communication mode of the yellow chest mouse is more inclined to the island model . ( 4 ) The population genetic distance and phylogenetic tree study of these two genetic markers indicate that the yellow chest mouse in Lhasa and Linzhi area of Tibet is closer to the yellow chest mouse in Sichuan and Chongqing , and it is likely to spread to the north through important traffic lines such as Sichuan and Chongqing . The yellow chest mouse in the north , such as Shijiazhuang , is more closely related to the yellow chest mouse in the Yangtze River valley . ( 5 ) The results of the study of microsatellite sequences and the results of the study of mitochondrial DNA were not completely consistent , such as there were some differences in the population - pair , but also with different molecular markers , in order to more accurately and effectively evaluate the genetic condition of species populations . In this paper , two different molecular markers of mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite sequences were used to analyze the relationship between the genetic characters and geographical distribution of the population in China , which laid the foundation for further research on the relationship between the species and human health .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國疾病預(yù)防控制中心
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R394;Q953

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