【摘要】：全球開放存取運動的廣泛開展促進(jìn)了知識的傳播與共享,在此基礎(chǔ)上作為描述客觀事物最為直觀和原始的數(shù)據(jù)也逐漸得到重視。數(shù)據(jù)價值在一定程度上超越信息與知識,政府作為社會信息資源的最大擁有者,其所擁有的數(shù)據(jù)具有不可估量的應(yīng)用價值,在大數(shù)據(jù)時代背景下要發(fā)揮這些數(shù)據(jù)的價值,政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù)開放是唯一也是必要的途徑。而為了使政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù)發(fā)揮其巨大價值,保障數(shù)據(jù)安全,保障機制的構(gòu)建將成為政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù)開放研究的重要內(nèi)容。國內(nèi)對于數(shù)據(jù)開放最初的研究多是對于國外實踐研究的總結(jié)或是案例分析;近來逐漸擴展到了政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù)開放的相關(guān)概念及理論研究,對政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù)開放保障機制的研究也逐漸開展。但是,目前國內(nèi)已有的數(shù)據(jù)平臺多按照數(shù)據(jù)來源機構(gòu)、涉及領(lǐng)域等進(jìn)行組織,缺乏相應(yīng)的組織標(biāo)準(zhǔn);數(shù)據(jù)之間也缺乏必要的語義關(guān)聯(lián),極大地影響數(shù)據(jù)檢索的準(zhǔn)確度和效率;我國政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù)開放研究起步晚,相關(guān)的政策法律建設(shè)落后,無法實現(xiàn)對數(shù)據(jù)的質(zhì)量控制。國內(nèi)關(guān)于政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù)開放保障機制的相關(guān)研究更是少之又少,因此本文將對政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù)開放保障機制的建設(shè)進(jìn)行研究以期能夠為國內(nèi)政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù)開放提供一定的建議。本文構(gòu)建的政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù)開放保障機制包括政策法律建設(shè)、平臺建設(shè)、執(zhí)行與合作機制建設(shè)以及監(jiān)督與反饋機制建設(shè)4個方面。研究主要包括以下3點:1.選取美、英、印三國作為典型案例進(jìn)行比較分析,總結(jié)三國在政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù)開放和保障機制建設(shè)方面的經(jīng)驗。對國內(nèi)外已有的數(shù)據(jù)開放平臺進(jìn)行對比分析,歸納存在的問題并提出相應(yīng)解決辦法;引入控制論的相關(guān)理論與研究方法,對控制論應(yīng)用于政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù)開放保障機制研究的可行性進(jìn)行論證,并且從控制論的角度對政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù)開放保障機制進(jìn)行構(gòu)建研究。2.將政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù)開放保障機制作為社會系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行研究,基于控制論的思想,從控制器、執(zhí)行器和反饋部分3個部分對政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù)開放保障機制的4個方面進(jìn)行具體分析。依據(jù)控制系統(tǒng)的組成,構(gòu)建我國政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù)開放保障機制的整體架構(gòu),并以政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù)開放為控制任務(wù)、數(shù)據(jù)管理為控制參數(shù),提出我國政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù)開放保障機制的工作流程。3.從質(zhì)量控制的角度出發(fā),面向數(shù)據(jù)權(quán)限、數(shù)據(jù)安全、用戶需求3個層面對提出的保障機制進(jìn)行實證分析,檢驗保障機制的工作效果。政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù)開放已在世界范圍內(nèi)成為大勢所趨,從2015年起中國對政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù)開放表現(xiàn)出高度的重視。盡管中國的政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù)開放研究尚未真正展開,已有的相關(guān)探索也存在諸多問題,但是我國可以基于國內(nèi)現(xiàn)有的研究,根據(jù)中國國情制定和完善相關(guān)法律法規(guī),同時大力宣傳政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù)開放的相關(guān)概念,提高全民的數(shù)據(jù)開放意識。同時借鑒國外的政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù)開放保障機制的建設(shè)經(jīng)驗,發(fā)揮保障機制對政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù)開放的引導(dǎo)作用,基于本文希望能對我國的法律建設(shè)、平臺建設(shè)、相關(guān)執(zhí)行與合作機制建設(shè)以及監(jiān)督機制的建設(shè)方面提供參考。
[Abstract]:The extensive development of the global open access movement has promoted the spread and sharing of knowledge. On this basis, the most intuitive and primitive data to describe objective things are also gradually paid attention to. The value of data is beyond information and knowledge to a certain extent. As the largest owner of the social information resources, the data of the government is not available. In order to make the government data play its great value and ensure the security of the data, the construction of the guarantee mechanism will become an important content of the government data opening research. Most of the research is the summary or case analysis of foreign practice research; recently, it has gradually expanded to the relevant concepts and theories of government data opening, and the research on the open security mechanism of government data is gradually carried out. The corresponding organizational standards; the lack of the necessary semantic association between the data, which greatly affects the accuracy and efficiency of data retrieval; the government data opening research in our country is late, the relevant policy and law construction is backward, and the quality control of the data can not be realized. Therefore, this paper will study the construction of the government data opening guarantee mechanism so as to provide some suggestions for the opening of the government data. The government data opening guarantee mechanism includes 4 aspects: the construction of policy and law, the construction of the platform, the construction of the implementation and cooperation mechanism, and the construction of the supervision and feedback mechanism. The following 3 points should be included: 1. select the United States, Britain and India as a typical case for comparative analysis, summarize the experience of the three countries in the government data opening and guarantee mechanism construction, compare and analyze the existing open data platform at home and abroad, sum up the existing problems and put forward the corresponding solutions, and introduce the related theories and research of the cybernetics. Method, the feasibility of the application of cybernetics to the study of government data open security mechanism is demonstrated. And from the perspective of cybernetics, the construction of government data open security mechanism is constructed and studied by.2., the government data open security mechanism is studied as a social system, based on the control theory, from the controller, the actuator and the feedback part 3. According to the composition of the control system, the whole structure of the government data opening guarantee mechanism is constructed, and the government data opening as the control task, the data management as the control parameter, and the working process.3. of the government data opening guarantee mechanism of our government.3. from quality. From the point of view of control, 3 layers of data permissions, data security and user needs are faced with an empirical analysis of the proposed guarantee mechanism to test the effectiveness of the guarantee mechanism. The opening of government data has become the general trend in the world. China has shown great importance to the opening of government data since 2015. The research on the opening of the data has not been really carried out, and there are many problems in the related exploration. However, our country can make and perfect the relevant laws and regulations based on the existing domestic research, according to the national conditions of China, and promote the relevant concepts of the opening of the government data to improve the awareness of the open data of the whole people and draw on the government data of the foreign countries. The construction experience of the open security mechanism and the guiding role of the guarantee mechanism to the opening of the government data are given. Based on this article, we hope to provide a reference for the construction of China's law, the construction of the platform, the construction of related implementation and cooperation mechanism and the construction of supervision mechanism.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D63;G203

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