論歐茨《大瀑布》的敘事策略
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-05-19 23:43
【摘要】：喬伊斯·卡羅爾·歐茨是一位出色多產(chǎn)的美國當(dāng)代作家。自從1963年短篇小說集《北門畔》問世以來,她先后發(fā)表了多部小說、短篇故事集、戲劇和其它文學(xué)體裁的作品,并深受好評(píng)。由于她在文學(xué)創(chuàng)作上的突出成績,她獲得了1970年的國家圖書獎(jiǎng),也多次獲得布克獎(jiǎng)提名,普利策獎(jiǎng)提名等諸多獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)。憑借《大瀑布》一書,她獲得了2005年的費(fèi)米娜文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)和2006年的芝加哥論壇報(bào)終身成就獎(jiǎng)。論文以《大瀑布》為研究對(duì)象,運(yùn)用法國著名文藝評(píng)論家杰拉爾·熱奈特的敘事理論,從敘事時(shí)間、敘事聚焦和敘事話語三方面來分析《大瀑布》獨(dú)特的敘事策略。論文的第一部分是引言,簡要介紹了歐茨和她的作品《大瀑布》,總結(jié)了國內(nèi)外對(duì)《大瀑布》的研究現(xiàn)狀,簡要說明了論文的研究重點(diǎn)和意義以及熱奈特的敘事學(xué)理論。第二部分從非年代順序排列的時(shí)間順序,不對(duì)等的時(shí)間頻率和不相等的時(shí)間距離對(duì)《大瀑布》中斷層的時(shí)間進(jìn)行了研究,指出小說中的時(shí)間是非線性循環(huán)的。小說以吉爾伯特的自殺為開端,這種倒敘極大的引起了讀者的閱讀興趣;隨后又預(yù)敘了“愛的運(yùn)河”等事件,使得小說的情節(jié)更加完整。倒敘和預(yù)敘的混合使用使小說情節(jié)波蕩起伏,引人入勝。不同的時(shí)間頻率又強(qiáng)調(diào)了重要事件在揭示人物形象和故事情節(jié)發(fā)展中的重要地位,比如關(guān)于“大瀑布的寡婦新娘”的傳說就強(qiáng)調(diào)了阿莉亞堅(jiān)強(qiáng),獨(dú)立,勇敢的品質(zhì)。而敘事時(shí)距的不同又體現(xiàn)作者在情節(jié)安排上的別具匠心,作者既可以花費(fèi)大量筆墨來描寫吉爾伯特和德克死亡的場景,也可以只字不提德克死后阿莉亞和三個(gè)孩子的生活,而這些敘事時(shí)距的不同都彰顯了阿莉亞的堅(jiān)強(qiáng)和勇敢,同時(shí)也使小說情節(jié)詳略得當(dāng)。第三部分從零聚焦、外聚焦和內(nèi)聚焦對(duì)《大瀑布》中多重的視角進(jìn)行了分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)小說中的視角隨著情節(jié)的發(fā)展是經(jīng)常變化的。零聚焦為故事的發(fā)展補(bǔ)充了一些必要的信息,使得小說的情節(jié)更加完整;外聚焦讓人物的性格特征更加鮮明,特別是女主角阿莉亞的形象更加生動(dòng),貼近生活;內(nèi)聚焦又為讀者提供了參與到故事情節(jié)發(fā)展的機(jī)會(huì),引起了讀者的共鳴。第四部分通過對(duì)小說中不同的敘事話語——轉(zhuǎn)述話語,間接轉(zhuǎn)述話語和戲劇式轉(zhuǎn)述話語對(duì)《大瀑布》中多變的敘事話語進(jìn)行了分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)小說中的敘事話語是不穩(wěn)定的,而不穩(wěn)定的敘事話語使讀者更好的了解了小說中的人物。轉(zhuǎn)述話語因不可避免的受到敘述者的干預(yù)最大限度的保持了與讀者的敘事距離;間接轉(zhuǎn)述話語讓阿莉亞,德克等主要人物形象更加豐滿;戲劇式轉(zhuǎn)述話語更是讓讀者深刻的感受到人物情感的變化。總之,不同的敘事話語恰當(dāng)?shù)目刂屏藬⑹戮嚯x,使人物形象更加鮮明,升華了小說的主題。第五部分是論文的結(jié)論。小說綜合運(yùn)用斷層的時(shí)間,不同的視角及多變的敘事話語使得《大瀑布》成為一部敘事極為特殊的優(yōu)秀小說。小說中所使用的敘事策略使人物形象更加鮮明,深化和拓展了小說主題,其作者歐茨無愧于所有的贊美。
[Abstract]:Joyce Carol Oates is an excellent and productive American contemporary writer. Since the introduction of the short story set in 1963, she has published several novels, short stories, plays and other literary works, and has been well received. As a result of her outstanding achievement in the literary creation, she won the 1970 National Book Award and won many awards such as the nomination of the Booker Prize and the Pulitzer Prize. With the "Great Falls> book", she won the Fermi Literature Award in 2005 and the 2006 Chicago Tribune Lifetime Achievement Award. The paper uses the narrative theory of the famous literature and art critic of France, Gerar hot Knight, to analyze the narrative strategy of "Big waterfall> unique" from three aspects: narrative time, narrative focus and narrative discourse. The first part of the paper is the introduction, briefly introduces the Oz and her works , summarizes the research status of the domestic and foreign research on the "Big Waterfall", and gives a brief account of the research focus and significance of the paper and the narrative theory of Nate. The second part, from the chronological order of the non-chronological order, the unequal time frequency and the unequal time distance, studies the time of the fault in the , and points out that the time in the novel is non-linear. The novel takes Gilbert's suicide as the beginning, which causes the reader's reading interest; then, the "a canal of love" and other events are prepainted, so that the plot of the novel is more complete. The mixed use of the syrian and the pretense makes the novel plot undulating and engaging. The different time frequency also emphasized the important position of important events in revealing the characters and the development of the plot, such as the legend of the "A widow's bride of a large waterfall.", and emphasized the strong, independent and brave character of Aia. The difference between the narrative time and the narrative time reflects the author's ingenuity in the plot arrangement, and the author can take a large amount of ink to describe the scene of Gilbert and Dirk's death, and can only mention the life of Julia and the three children after Dirk's death. The difference of these narrative time points out the strength and the courage of Aia, and also makes the novel plot of the novel as well. The third part analyses the multiple angles of view from zero focus, external focus and internal focus to the large waterfalls. It is found that the angle of view in the novel is often changed with the development of the plot. Zero focus adds some necessary information to the development of the story, so that the plot of the novel is more complete; the external focus makes the character of the character more vivid, especially the image of the heroine Amelia is more vivid and close to life; The internal focus also provides the reader with the opportunity to participate in the development of the storyline, which causes the reader's resonance. In the fourth part, through the analysis of the different narrative discourse in the novel, the indirect transfer of the discourse and the drama-type discourse to the changeable narrative discourse in the "Big Waterfall", it is found that the narrative discourse in the novel is not stable, The unstable narrative discourse makes the reader better understand the characters in the novel. The discourse has kept the narrative distance of the reader to the maximum extent due to the inevitable intervention of the narrator; the indirect transfer of the discourse makes the main characters such as Aia and Deckert more full; the drama-type discourse is the change of the emotion of the person deeply. In short, the narrative distance is appropriately controlled by different narrative words, so that the characters are more vivid and the subject of the novel is sublimed. The fifth part is the conclusion of the paper. The time of the comprehensive application of the fault, the different visual angle and the variable narrative discourse make the become a very special and special novel. The narrative strategies used in the novel make the characters more vivid, deepen and expand the theme of the novel, and the author of the novel is not worthy of all the praise.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：I712.074
本文編號(hào)：2481166
[Abstract]:Joyce Carol Oates is an excellent and productive American contemporary writer. Since the introduction of the short story set in 1963, she has published several novels, short stories, plays and other literary works, and has been well received. As a result of her outstanding achievement in the literary creation, she won the 1970 National Book Award and won many awards such as the nomination of the Booker Prize and the Pulitzer Prize. With the "Great Falls> book", she won the Fermi Literature Award in 2005 and the 2006 Chicago Tribune Lifetime Achievement Award. The paper uses the narrative theory of the famous literature and art critic of France, Gerar hot Knight, to analyze the narrative strategy of "Big waterfall> unique" from three aspects: narrative time, narrative focus and narrative discourse. The first part of the paper is the introduction, briefly introduces the Oz and her works , summarizes the research status of the domestic and foreign research on the "Big Waterfall", and gives a brief account of the research focus and significance of the paper and the narrative theory of Nate. The second part, from the chronological order of the non-chronological order, the unequal time frequency and the unequal time distance, studies the time of the fault in the , and points out that the time in the novel is non-linear. The novel takes Gilbert's suicide as the beginning, which causes the reader's reading interest; then, the "a canal of love" and other events are prepainted, so that the plot of the novel is more complete. The mixed use of the syrian and the pretense makes the novel plot undulating and engaging. The different time frequency also emphasized the important position of important events in revealing the characters and the development of the plot, such as the legend of the "A widow's bride of a large waterfall.", and emphasized the strong, independent and brave character of Aia. The difference between the narrative time and the narrative time reflects the author's ingenuity in the plot arrangement, and the author can take a large amount of ink to describe the scene of Gilbert and Dirk's death, and can only mention the life of Julia and the three children after Dirk's death. The difference of these narrative time points out the strength and the courage of Aia, and also makes the novel plot of the novel as well. The third part analyses the multiple angles of view from zero focus, external focus and internal focus to the large waterfalls. It is found that the angle of view in the novel is often changed with the development of the plot. Zero focus adds some necessary information to the development of the story, so that the plot of the novel is more complete; the external focus makes the character of the character more vivid, especially the image of the heroine Amelia is more vivid and close to life; The internal focus also provides the reader with the opportunity to participate in the development of the storyline, which causes the reader's resonance. In the fourth part, through the analysis of the different narrative discourse in the novel, the indirect transfer of the discourse and the drama-type discourse to the changeable narrative discourse in the "Big Waterfall", it is found that the narrative discourse in the novel is not stable, The unstable narrative discourse makes the reader better understand the characters in the novel. The discourse has kept the narrative distance of the reader to the maximum extent due to the inevitable intervention of the narrator; the indirect transfer of the discourse makes the main characters such as Aia and Deckert more full; the drama-type discourse is the change of the emotion of the person deeply. In short, the narrative distance is appropriately controlled by different narrative words, so that the characters are more vivid and the subject of the novel is sublimed. The fifth part is the conclusion of the paper. The time of the comprehensive application of the fault, the different visual angle and the variable narrative discourse make the become a very special and special novel. The narrative strategies used in the novel make the characters more vivid, deepen and expand the theme of the novel, and the author of the novel is not worthy of all the praise.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：I712.074
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