【摘要】：弗蘭納里·奧康納是美國著名的南方女作家,被譽為“20世紀(jì)美國最優(yōu)秀的小說家之一”。她的美國南方作家、女性、虔誠的天主教徒、紅斑狼瘡患者等多重身份造成了其作品內(nèi)涵的復(fù)雜性和豐富性。國內(nèi)外許多研究者對她的小說進(jìn)行過多角度、多層面的闡釋,本文以現(xiàn)有成果為參照,將奧康納置于美國南方文化語境,在梳理其宗教思想的基礎(chǔ)上,分析她小說中的受難主題和敘事,探討暴力、受難與救贖的關(guān)系。論文包括緒論、正文和結(jié)語三個部分。緒論部分,首先介紹奧康納的生平和創(chuàng)作概況,回顧國內(nèi)外的研究現(xiàn)狀,指出其中有待深入研究的地方。其次分析奧康納宗教信仰的形成和小說敘事的宗教性,闡明奧康納作為一位虔誠的天主教徒,如何將她的信仰投射在文學(xué)創(chuàng)作中。正文包括四章。第一章為“奧康納受難意識的形成”。奧康納受難意識的形成基于兩個方面,一是美國南方神話的解體,南方傳統(tǒng)社會和淑女神話的沒落給傳統(tǒng)南方人帶來重創(chuàng),身在其中的奧康納同樣體驗到失落帶來的創(chuàng)傷。二是奧康納的個人經(jīng)歷和身體病痛,奧康納終身未嫁,二十五歲時便患上紅斑狼瘡,這使得她對受難問題尤為敏感。受難對于奧康納來說不只是客觀的存在事實,她還從宗教信仰視角審視并接納它。第二章為“奧康納筆下的南方世界圖景”。在奧康納的小說中,南方瀕臨分崩離析,人們失去信仰、墮入庸常的存在而不自知,身負(fù)罪孽卻渾然不覺,其中理性至上的知識分子、種族主義者、偽信徒最為典型。通過描寫南方各式人物的生存,奧康納揭示了人的受難的普遍性。這種受難既包括肉身存在的苦難,也包括精神無所歸依的煎熬。第三章為“暴力、受難與救贖”。研究者認(rèn)為,暴力“是奧康納為現(xiàn)代人選擇的通過身體苦痛體驗恩寵的獨特圖景”,某種程度上這是一種誤讀。奧康納的小說呈現(xiàn)了一個充斥著暴力的世界,這里既有可見的身體施暴,也有不可見的精神施暴,通過書寫暴力,奧康納彰顯了人性中難以祛除的邪惡。雖然如此,暴力客觀上卻中止了人庸常的生存,將人推入受難的境遇。在受難的狀態(tài),人才意識到存在的荒誕,期待獲得拯救。第四章為“受難的宗教敘事”。對受難的敏感體察與切身體驗形成了奧康納獨特的小說敘事藝術(shù)。其中,信仰敘述視角與理性敘述視角彼此對立、相互補充,彰顯了人自身完整性的分裂,自然空間與城市空間的對峙隱喻了人的存在的異化,而追尋的敘事結(jié)構(gòu)昭示的則是人在受難中追索救贖的苦旅。結(jié)語總結(jié)上述內(nèi)容,并闡明奧康納對受難的書寫以及對受難中潛藏的救贖可能性的發(fā)掘給予當(dāng)代人的啟示。
[Abstract]:Flannery O'Connor is one of the best novelists in America in the 20 ~ (th) century. Her southern American writers, women, devout Catholics, lupus sufferers and other multiple identities contribute to the complexity and richness of her works. Many researchers at home and abroad interpret her novels from many angles and at various levels. This paper, referring to the existing achievements, puts O'Connor in the cultural context of the southern United States and combs her religious thoughts. This paper analyzes the theme and narrative of suffering in her novels, and explores the relationship between violence, suffering and redemption. The thesis includes three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. Introduction, first introduces O'Connor 's life and creation, reviews the research situation at home and abroad, and points out the places to be further studied. Secondly, it analyzes the formation of O'Connor 's religious belief and the religious nature of the narrative of the novel, and expounds how O'Connor, as a devout Catholic, projects her belief in literary creation. The text consists of four chapters. The first chapter is the formation of O'Connor 's consciousness of suffering. The formation of O'Connor 's consciousness of crucifixion is based on two aspects. One is the disintegration of American Southern mythology. The decline of Southern traditional society and the myth of lady brings a heavy blow to the traditional southerners. O'Connor, who is in it, also experiences the trauma caused by loss. Second, O'Connor 's personal experience and physical pain, O'Connor never married, 25 years old with lupus erythematosus, which makes her particularly sensitive to suffering. Suffering is not only an objective fact of existence for O'Connor, she also looks at it from the perspective of religious belief and accepts it. The second chapter is O'Connor 's Southern World Picture. In O'Connor 's novels, the South is on the verge of disintegration, people lose faith, fall into the ordinary existence without knowing, but not aware of sin, among which the intellectual, racist and pseudo-believer are the most typical. O'Connor reveals the universality of human suffering by describing the existence of various Southern characters. Such suffering includes both the suffering of the physical body and the suffering of the spirit. The third chapter is violence, suffering and redemption. The researchers believe that violence "is O'Connor 's unique picture of experiencing grace through physical pain for modern people," in a way misread. O'Connor 's novels present a world full of violence, where there are visible physical violence and invisible mental violence. By writing violence, O'Connor reveals the inexorable evil in human nature. In spite of this, violence has objectively halted the ordinary existence of human beings and pushed them into the situation of suffering. In the state of suffering, man realizes the absurdity of existence and expects to be saved. The fourth chapter is the religious narration of suffering. O'Connor 's unique narrative art is formed by his sensitive experience of suffering. Among them, the perspective of faith narration and rational narration are opposite and complement each other, which reveals the division of human own integrity, and the confrontation between natural space and urban space metaphors the alienation of human existence. The narrative structure of pursuit is the bitter journey of people seeking redemption in suffering. The conclusion summarizes the above contents and clarifies that O'Connor 's writing of the suffering and the exploration of the hidden possibility of redemption in the crucifixion will enlighten the contemporary people.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：I712.074

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