【摘要】：美國現(xiàn)實(shí)主義作家和美國現(xiàn)代小說的先驅(qū)西奧多·德萊塞(1871-1945)也是美國轉(zhuǎn)型時(shí)期書寫身份的重要作家,他的大多數(shù)作品中的主人公都在尋求向上的身份。其代表作《美國悲劇》講述了主人公克萊德·格里菲思為了躋身上流社會而殺害懷孕的女友最終被處以電刑的悲劇故事。《美國悲劇》自1925年發(fā)表以來引起了國內(nèi)外學(xué)者的廣泛關(guān)注,他們大多集中于分析小說中的階級問題、藝術(shù)特色,消費(fèi)主義,悲劇成因和主題,但鮮有學(xué)者從文學(xué)倫理學(xué)批評視角解讀這部小說。本文主要運(yùn)用文學(xué)倫理學(xué)的批評方法,在文本細(xì)讀的基礎(chǔ)上,以克萊德·格里菲思的身份為主線分析小說中的倫理要素:克萊德身份的背離和倫理環(huán)境,克萊德身份的追尋和倫理困境,克萊德身份的毀滅和倫理悲劇,以此揭示德萊塞在小說中表達(dá)的倫理思想。從文學(xué)倫理學(xué)批評的視角解讀《美國悲劇》,不僅可以加深對作品的理解,還可以獲得對當(dāng)代社會的啟示。論文共分為五個(gè)部分。第一章為介紹西奧多·德萊塞的生平,其代表作《美國悲劇》,國內(nèi)外學(xué)者對這部小說的研究現(xiàn)狀,并闡釋文學(xué)倫理學(xué)批評方法的主要內(nèi)容,指出文學(xué)倫理學(xué)解讀《美國悲劇》具有重要的理論意義和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。第二章分析克萊德·格里菲思身份的背離和倫理環(huán)境�？巳R德不僅背離貧窮的街頭傳教士的兒子身份,還背離汽車事故的肇事者身份。他的背離與禁欲、非理性和不道德的家庭倫理環(huán)境以及兩極分化、信仰失落和消費(fèi)盛行的社會倫理環(huán)境息息相關(guān)。第三章分析克萊德·格里菲思身份的追尋和倫理困境。他追求他的家庭身份,職業(yè)身份和婚姻身份,然而卻陷入了雙重家庭身份的混亂,家庭身份和職業(yè)身份的混亂,職業(yè)身份和戀人身份的混亂,使他陷入羅伯塔流產(chǎn)失敗和逼婚的倫理困境。第四章結(jié)合威廉·詹姆斯的自我概念解讀克萊德·格里菲思身份的毀滅,從而分析克萊德倫理悲劇的成因�？巳R德因政治秩序的倫理混亂,精神救贖的失敗和倫理禁忌的破壞分別導(dǎo)致其社會自我,精神自我和物質(zhì)自我的毀滅,其身份最終毀滅。綜觀全文克萊德的悲劇不僅是個(gè)人倫理悲劇,也是家庭倫理悲劇和社會倫理悲劇。第五章為結(jié)論部分。本論文認(rèn)為克萊德因身份的變化而處于倫理混亂中,面對倫理困境做出錯(cuò)誤的選擇,從而導(dǎo)致其的悲劇,同時(shí)在克萊德悲劇的背后隱含著深刻的家庭和社會倫理成因。德萊塞作為飽受爭議的作家,其倫理觀鮮為人知,通過對其代表作《美國悲劇》的倫理解讀發(fā)現(xiàn)德萊塞對倫理秩序的重視以及對家庭倫理關(guān)懷和完善社會倫理秩序的呼吁。
[Abstract]:Theodore Dreiser (1871-1945), a realistic American writer and a pioneer of modern American novels, is also an important writer in the period of American transformation. The protagonists in most of his works are seeking for an upward identity. His masterpiece, American tragedy, tells the tragic story of the protagonist Clyde Griffith, who killed his pregnant girlfriend in order to join the upper class and was eventually electrocuted. The American tragedy has been published in China since 1925. The widespread concern of foreign scholars, Most of them focus on the analysis of class problems, artistic characteristics, consumerism, tragic causes and themes in the novel, but few scholars interpret the novel from the perspective of literary ethics criticism. This paper mainly uses the critical method of literary ethics, on the basis of careful reading of the text, taking Clyde Griffith's identity as the main line to analyze the ethical elements in the novel: the deviation of Clyde's identity and the ethical environment. The pursuit and ethical dilemma of Clyde's identity, the destruction of Clyde's identity and the ethical tragedy reveal the ethical thoughts expressed by Dreiser in his novels. The interpretation of American tragedy from the perspective of literary ethics criticism can not only deepen the understanding of the works, but also obtain the enlightenment to the contemporary society. The thesis is divided into five parts. The first chapter introduces Theodore Dreiser's life, his masterpiece American tragedy, the current research situation of this novel by scholars at home and abroad, and explains the main contents of literary ethics criticism. It is pointed out that the interpretation of American tragedy by literary ethics has important theoretical and practical significance. The second chapter analyzes Clyde Griffith identity deviation and ethical environment. Clyde deviated not only from the son of poor street missionaries, but also from the perpetrators of car accidents. His deviations are closely related to abstinence, irrational and immoral family ethical environment, polarization, loss of belief and the prevailing social ethical environment of consumption. Chapter three analyzes Clyde Griffith's pursuit of identity and ethical dilemma. He pursues his family identity, professional identity and marriage identity, but he is caught in the confusion of dual family identity, family identity and professional identity, professional identity and lover identity confusion, He was caught in the ethical dilemma of Roberta's miscarriage and forced marriage. Chapter four analyzes the causes of Clyde Griffith's ethical tragedy by analyzing the destruction of Clyde Griffith's identity based on William James' self-concept. Because of the ethical disorder of political order, the failure of spiritual redemption and the destruction of ethical taboos, Clyde leads to the destruction of his social self, spiritual self and material self respectively, and the final destruction of his identity. The tragedy of Clyde is not only a tragedy of personal ethics, but also a tragedy of family ethics and social ethics. The fifth chapter is the conclusion. This thesis holds that Clyde is in the ethical confusion because of the change of his identity, and makes a wrong choice in the face of ethical dilemma, which leads to his tragedy. At the same time, behind the tragedy of Clyde, there are profound causes of family and social ethics. As a controversial writer, Dreiser is seldom known about his ethics. Through the ethical interpretation of his masterpiece, American tragedy, it is found that Dreiser attaches great importance to the ethical order and calls for the care of family ethics and the perfection of social ethical order.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：I712.074

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