本文關(guān)鍵詞：中國醫(yī)患交際中回聲問的語用研究

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【摘要】：回聲問廣泛存在于言語交際中。研究者日益意識(shí)到回聲問在日常交際和機(jī)構(gòu)會(huì)話交際中的重要性。但是,以往對(duì)回聲問的研究不夠充分、系統(tǒng),主要關(guān)注自省語料或文學(xué)作品對(duì)白中回聲問的語言特征和功能,并以關(guān)聯(lián)理論為框架加以闡釋。然而,對(duì)自然會(huì)話(如日常對(duì)話和機(jī)構(gòu)會(huì)話)中回聲問的研究比較少,更鮮有人注意到日常對(duì)話或機(jī)構(gòu)會(huì)話中回聲問的動(dòng)態(tài)特征。鑒于此,本文旨在研究中國門診會(huì)話中回聲問的語言特征、會(huì)話特征和功能,探索回聲問及其回應(yīng)的動(dòng)態(tài)性,并在順應(yīng)論的基礎(chǔ)上闡釋醫(yī)患會(huì)話中回聲問的產(chǎn)生和理解過程。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在醫(yī)患互動(dòng)中,回聲問具有以下五個(gè)方面的特征。第一,回聲問兼有問話和重復(fù)話語的雙重特征,以平升調(diào)或高升調(diào)標(biāo)示疑問。第二,回聲問在形式上全部或部分重復(fù)對(duì)方的前一話語,而且,這一話語可以是陳述句、疑問句和祈使句。第三,在序列結(jié)構(gòu)上,回聲問大多居于第一位置,少量居于第二或第三位置。第四,回聲問及其回應(yīng)模式主要有以下四種模式：問-答、問-答+評(píng)價(jià)、問+評(píng)價(jià)和問+自我評(píng)價(jià)。第五,回聲問的語用功能主要包括：要求證實(shí)、要求解釋、準(zhǔn)備下一話輪、表示接受和反饋以及表達(dá)情感和態(tài)度。本文以順應(yīng)論為理論依據(jù),對(duì)回聲問使用的語用理據(jù)進(jìn)行闡釋。本文發(fā)現(xiàn)回聲問及其回應(yīng)是順應(yīng)交際語境的結(jié)果,并對(duì)順應(yīng)社會(huì)世界和順應(yīng)心理世界做了探索。社會(huì)因素,如機(jī)構(gòu)權(quán)利和社會(huì)地位,貫穿于交際過程的始終,一直發(fā)揮著作用。在醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)會(huì)話中,醫(yī)生比患者擁有更多的機(jī)構(gòu)權(quán)利,而且患者位于較低的機(jī)構(gòu)地位。心理世界因素,如動(dòng)機(jī),影響著醫(yī)生和患者的語言選擇。在醫(yī)患交際中,醫(yī)生的動(dòng)機(jī)主要有服務(wù)傾向性動(dòng)機(jī)和任務(wù)傾向性動(dòng)機(jī)。然而,患者的動(dòng)機(jī)更為復(fù)雜,患者不僅要考慮自身的需求,還要順從于醫(yī)生的權(quán)利和自己對(duì)醫(yī)生心理世界的評(píng)估。此外,本文參照順應(yīng)論闡釋了醫(yī)患交際中回聲問的產(chǎn)生和理解過程,旨在更加全面地理解和詮釋回聲問。本文在一定程度上豐富了對(duì)回聲問和醫(yī)患交際的研究,并為建立健康、和諧的醫(yī)患關(guān)系提出了一些可行性建議。
【關(guān)鍵詞】：回聲問 醫(yī)患會(huì)話 語用學(xué) 順應(yīng)論
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：H136
【目錄】：

• Abstract9-11
• 摘要11-13
• Chapter One Introduction13-21
• 1.1 Background of the Study13-14
• 1.2 Rationale of the Study14-15
• 1.3 Objectives and Research Questions15
• 1.4 Methodology and Data Collection15-19
• 1.5 Significance of the Study19-20
• 1.6 Layout of the Thesis20-21
• Chapter Two Literature Review21-34
• 2.1 Review of Studies of Echo Questions21-26
• 2.1.1 Definition of Echo Questions21-22
• 2.1.2 Studies of Echo Questions Abroad22-25
• 2.1.2.1 The Pragmatic Approach to Echo Questions23
• 2.1.2.2 The Semantic Approach to Echo Questions23-24
• 2.1.2.3 The Syntactic Approach to Echo Questions24-25
• 2.1.3 Studies of Echo Questions at Home25-26
• 2.2 Previous Studies of Doctor-Patient Interaction26-33
• 2.2.1 Studies of Elements of Doctor-Patient Interaction27-32
• 2.2.1.1 Studies of Structures of Doctor-Patient Interaction27-29
• 2.2.1.2 Studies of Contents of Doctor-Patient Interaction29-32
• 2.2.2 Studies of Relations between Doctor-Patient Interaction and Social and Cultural Factors32-33
• 2.3 Summary33-34
• Chapter Three Theoretical Framework34-45
• 3.1 Adaptation Theory34-39
• 3.1.1 Making Choices34-35
• 3.1.2 Variability,Negotiabiliy and Adaptability35-36
• 3.1.3 Four Angles of Investigation36-39
• 3.2 Conversation Analysis39-44
• 3.2.1 Brief Introduction to Conversation Analysis39-40
• 3.2.2 Application of Conversation Analysis to Studying Medical Communication40-44
• 3.3 Summary44-45
• Chapter Four Analysis of Echo Questions in Doctor-Patient Conversation45-82
• 4.1 Classification of Echo Questions in Doctor-Patient Conversation45-46
• 4.2 Linguistic Characteristics of Echo Questions in Doctor-Patient Conversation46-66
• 4.2.1 General Characteristics47-48
• 4.2.2 Phonetic Characteristics48-51
• 4.2.3 Formal Characteristics51-66
• 4.2.3.1 Degree of Repetition51-59
• 4.2.3.2 Syntactic Relationship59-66
• 4.3 Conversational Characteristics of Echo Questions66-80
• 4.3.1 Sequential Positions of Echo Questions67-72
• 4.3.1.1 The First Position68-69
• 4.3.1.2 The Second Position69-70
• 4.3.1.3 The Third Position70-72
• 4.3.2 Patterns of Echo Questions and Responses72-80
• 4.3.2.1 EQ-R75-76
• 4.3.2.2 EQ-R+A76-78
• 4.3.2.3 EQ-A78-79
• 4.3.2.4 EQ-Rself79-80
• 4.4 Summary80-82
• Chapter Five Functions of Echo Questions in Doctor-Patient Conversation82-100
• 5.1 Classification of Functions of Echo Questions in Doctor-Patient Conversation82-85
• 5.2 Analysis of Functions of Echo Questions in Doctor-Patient Conversation85-99
• 5.2.1 Requesting Confirmation85-88
• 5.2.2 Requesting Clarification88-89
• 5.2.3 Preparing the Next Turn89-91
• 5.2.4 Expressing Reception and Feedback91-92
• 5.2.5 Expressing Emotions and Attitudes92-99
• 5.2.5.1 Uncertainty92-93
• 5.2.5.2 Incredulity93-95
• 5.2.5.3 Fear95-96
• 5.2.5.4 Surprise96-97
• 5.2.5.5 Emphasis97-99
• 5.3 Summary99-100
• Chapter Six Interpretation of Echo Questions in Doctor-Patient Conversation fromthe Perspective of Adaptation Theory100-110
• 6.1 Echo Questions as an Adaptation to Contextual Correlates101-105
• 6.1.1 Adaptation to Social World101-102
• 6.1.2 Adaptation to Mental World102-105
• 6.1.3 Adaptation to Physical World105
• 6.2 Responses to Echo Questions as an Adaptation to Dynamic Context105-106
• 6.3 Model of Interpreting Echo Questions in Doctor-Patient Conversation106-108
• 6.4 Summary108-110
• Chapter Seven Conclusion110-114
• 7.1 Major Findings110-112
• 7.2 Limitations of the Study112-113
• 7.3 Suggestions for Future Research113-114
• References114-125
• Appendix125-126
• Ackowledgements126-127
• 攻讀碩士期間發(fā)表論文情況127-128
• 學(xué)位論文評(píng)閱及答辯情況表128

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