沉默,同言說(shuō)一樣,是人類交際的手段之一,兩者在本質(zhì)上都是一種符號(hào)。但是長(zhǎng)期以來(lái),沉默現(xiàn)象一直被人們所忽視,并賦予了貶義—言語(yǔ)的缺乏,亦即交際的缺乏。然而沉默和言語(yǔ)共同實(shí)現(xiàn)了人類交際。有聲語(yǔ)用是人類交流的重要手段,而無(wú)聲語(yǔ)言也能傳達(dá)著豐富的信息,甚至是有聲語(yǔ)言無(wú)法表達(dá)的內(nèi)容。Birdwhistell (1970)在廣泛的調(diào)查研究的基礎(chǔ)上得出結(jié)論：人們?cè)谏鐣?huì)交往中高達(dá)65%-70%的信息是通過(guò)無(wú)聲語(yǔ)言獲得的,有聲語(yǔ)言傳遞的信息只占30%-35%。作為非語(yǔ)言交流手段之一的沉默(Silence),依據(jù)不同的情景,場(chǎng)合以及千差萬(wàn)別的社會(huì)文化規(guī)約,意義生動(dòng)活潑,豐富多彩；于其千篇一律的形式而言,可謂“風(fēng)景這邊獨(dú)好”。 對(duì)沉默的研究涉及社會(huì)學(xué),人類學(xué),語(yǔ)言學(xué),心理學(xué),哲學(xué),美學(xué)等多種學(xué)科的綜合運(yùn)用。吸引著眾多研究者的注意力。傳統(tǒng)研究試圖對(duì)沉默做出比較全面的定義并確定其在不同情況下的表現(xiàn)。語(yǔ)用學(xué)家比較關(guān)注沉默的交際功能,指出沉默的內(nèi)在間接性決定了格萊斯的合作原則足以理解所有的沉默形式。語(yǔ)用學(xué)研究說(shuō)話人如何說(shuō)話及聽(tīng)話人如何理解話語(yǔ),語(yǔ)用學(xué)與心理認(rèn)知,社會(huì)文化有著千絲萬(wàn)縷的聯(lián)系。認(rèn)知學(xué)家在格萊斯的關(guān)聯(lián)準(zhǔn)則...

【文章頁(yè)數(shù)】：78 頁(yè)

【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士

【文章目錄】：
ABSTRACT
摘要
Chapter Ⅰ Introduction
    1.1 The Topic of the Thesis
    1.2 The Scope of the Thesis
    1.3 The Aim and Significance of the Thesis
    1.4 The Layout of the Thesis
Chapter Ⅱ Review of Previous Approaches to Silence
    2.1 The Study of Silence Abroad
    2.2 The Current Study of Silence at Home
Chapter Ⅲ A Basic Introduction to Silence
    3.1 Definition of Silence
    3.2 Types and Classification of Silence
        3.2.1 Twofold Kinds of Silence
        3.2.2 A Broad Array of Silence
    3.3 Functions of Silence
    3.4 Relationship between Silence and Speech
Chapter Ⅳ Analysis of Silence from Different Perspectives
    4.1 Two Perspectives on Silence
        4.1.1 Pragmatic Perspective
        4.1.2 Cognitive Perspective
    4.2 Traditional Pragmatic Theories
        4.2.1 Conversational Analysis (CA)
        4.2.2 Cooperative Principle (CP)
        4.2.3 Politeness Principle (PP)
    4.3 The Latest Cognitive Theory:Sperber & Wilson's Relevance Theory (RT)
        4.3.1 On Sperber & Wilson's Relevance
        4.3.2 Relevance in Silence
Chapter Ⅴ Silence's Difference as a Cultural Phenomenon
    5.1 Culture, Communication and Silence
        5.1.1 Culture and Cultural Difference
        5.1.2 Communication and Silence
    5.2 Different Meanings of Silence between Eastern and Western Culture
        5.2.1 The Importance of Silence in Eastern and Western Cultures
        5.2.2 The Difference Meanings of Silence between Western and Eastern Cultures
        5.2.3 The Causes of the Difference between Eastern and Western Cultures
    5.3 Some Things to Know about Silence in Communication
Chapter Ⅵ Conclusion
    6.1 Summary of the Study
    6.2 Limitations and Suggestions for Further Study
REFERENCES
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS



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