以往的語言學(xué)領(lǐng)域中,預(yù)設(shè)在一直被語言學(xué)家作為一種語言現(xiàn)象來研究。預(yù)設(shè)依賴于一定的語言結(jié)構(gòu),因此它首先被語言學(xué)家作為一種語義現(xiàn)象來研究。隨著語用學(xué)的興起,語言學(xué)家提出了一系列的語用學(xué)理論來闡釋預(yù)設(shè)現(xiàn)象,語用預(yù)設(shè)就是結(jié)合人類話語交際過程來對預(yù)設(shè)進行的研究。本論文的目的在于研究語用預(yù)設(shè)在日常會話中的作用,以及說話人是如何運用語用預(yù)設(shè)達(dá)到有效會話的。 本文介紹了與預(yù)設(shè)相關(guān)的理論,如預(yù)設(shè)作為命題態(tài)度,預(yù)設(shè)作為適當(dāng)條件,預(yù)設(shè)作為共有知識和預(yù)設(shè)的可取消性。通過陳述人類日常會話的過程,強調(diào)了語用預(yù)設(shè)在說話人的話語構(gòu)建和聽話人的話語理解方面所起的主要作用。在格賴斯的合作原則的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了運用語用預(yù)設(shè)的準(zhǔn)則（誠信準(zhǔn)則和質(zhì)量準(zhǔn)則）,并分析了日常會話中語用預(yù)設(shè)的特征——即合適性,共知性,主觀性,隱蔽性和非規(guī)約性。通過討論常規(guī)誘發(fā)語和會話誘發(fā)語,提出了說話人可以通過運用語音手段,詞匯手段和句子手段等來操控語用預(yù)設(shè)以達(dá)到成功交際。最后,總結(jié)了語用預(yù)設(shè)在日常會話中的作用,即簡潔明了,傳遞信息和達(dá)到特殊交際目的。 因此,合理的運用語用預(yù)設(shè)有助于達(dá)到成功會話。通過研究日常會話中的語用預(yù)設(shè),本文旨在... 

【文章頁數(shù)】：63 頁

【學(xué)位級別】：碩士

【文章目錄】：
摘要
Abstract
PartⅠ Introduction
    1.1 Research Background
    1.2 Objective
    1.3 Significance
    1.4 Framework
PartⅡ Literature Review of Presupposition
    2.1 Overview of Previous Studies on Presupposition
        2.1.1 Overview of Studies in West
        2.1.2 Overview of Studies in China
    2.2 Classification of Presupposition
        2.2.1 Semantic Presupposition
        2.2.2 Pragmatic Presupposition
        2.2.3 Relationship between Semantic and Pragmatic Presupposition
    2.3 Presupposition & Related Terms
        2.3.1 Presupposition and Entailment
        2.3.2 Presupposition and Assertion
        2.3.3 Presupposition and Information Focus
    2.4 Theories Related to Presupposition
        2.4.1 Propositional Attitude
        2.4.2 Felicity Condition
        2.4.3 Mutual Knowledge
        2.4.4 Cancellability
Part Ⅲ Pragmatic Presupposition in Daily Conversations
    3.1 Daily Conversation
        3.1.1 Process of Human Daily Conversations
        3.1.2 Human Cognition in Daily Conversations
    3.2 Pragmatic Presupposition in Daily Conversations
        3.2.1 Pragmatic Presupposition in Utterance Construction
        3.2.2 Pragmatic Presupposition in Utterance Understanding
        3.2.3 Pragmatic Presupposition & Co-operative Principles
        3.2.4 The Principles of Employing Pragmatic Presupposition
            3.2.4.1 Sincerity Maxim
            3.2.4.2 Quantity Maxim
    3.3 Properties of Pragmatic Presupposition in Daily Conversations
        3.3.1 Property of Felicity
        3.3.2 Property of Common Ground
        3.3.3 Property of Subjectiveness
        3.3.4 Property of Latency
        3.3.5 Property of Unconventionality
Part Ⅳ Manipulation of Pragmatic Presupposition in Daily Conversations
    4.1 Presupposition Triggers
        4.1.1 Conventional triggers
        4.1.2 Conversational Triggers
    4.2 Devices for the Employment of Pragmatic Presupposition
        4.2.1 Phonological Devices
        4.2.2 Lexical Devices
        4.2.3 Syntactic Devices
        4.2.4 Summary: Integrated Employment of These Devices
    4.3 Effects of Pragmatic Presupposition to Effective Conversations
        4.3.1 Being Economic
        4.3.2 Transmitting Information
        4.3.3 Achieving Special Communicative Intention
Part Ⅴ Conclusion
Bibliography
Acknowledgements


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