語境作為語用學(xué)的重要概念之一,已長期被應(yīng)用于語言研究的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域。不少學(xué)者為它的發(fā)展作出了重要貢獻(xiàn)。傳統(tǒng)語境觀注重外部因素的作用,認(rèn)為語境是一種靜止的實(shí)體,它先于交際而存在于人的大腦之中。隨著認(rèn)知科學(xué)的發(fā)展,人們逐漸開始嘗試從心理活動的角度對語境進(jìn)行解釋。1986年斯珀伯與威爾森在《交際性:關(guān)聯(lián)與認(rèn)知》一書中提出了以關(guān)聯(lián)理論為基礎(chǔ)的認(rèn)知語境概念,為語境研究開辟了新的思路。本文運(yùn)用認(rèn)知語境理論對書面語篇的生成和理解進(jìn)行分析。交際是依賴語境而存在的一種動態(tài)活動,書面語篇作為作者與讀者在書面交際中信息傳輸?shù)拿襟w應(yīng)該從動態(tài)的角度進(jìn)行分析。認(rèn)知語境觀將語境視為一種動態(tài)的心理結(jié)構(gòu)體,由儲存于人腦的一系列假設(shè)構(gòu)成。交際雙方在交際過程中把交際內(nèi)容與認(rèn)知語境相結(jié)合,不斷選擇構(gòu)建語境假設(shè)直至交際的順利完成。在書面交際中,書面語篇的生成受到作者心理圖式、寫作目的、對讀者認(rèn)知語境的預(yù)測等因素的影響;書面語篇的理解即讀者的認(rèn)知語境重構(gòu)過程。然而認(rèn)知語境內(nèi)容復(fù)雜,交際者如何選擇構(gòu)建恰當(dāng)?shù)恼Z境假設(shè)呢?斯珀伯與威爾森提出了關(guān)聯(lián)原則和明示-推理交際的概念。在他們看來,交際是一個(gè)明示-推理的過程。發(fā)話者發(fā)出明示刺激,接收者... 

【文章頁數(shù)】：74 頁

【學(xué)位級別】：碩士

【文章目錄】：
Abstract
摘要
Chapter One Introduction
    1.1 Purpose and Significance
    1.2 The Structure of the Thesis
Chapter Two Literature Review
    2.1 A Brief Review on Context
        2.1.1 Researches on Traditional Context
            2.1.1.1 Researches Abroad
            2.1.1.2 Researches in China
        2.1.2 Researches on Cognitive Context
        2.1.3 Structurization of Cognitive Context
    2.2 Traditional Context and Cognitive Context
    2.3 A Brief Review on Discourse
        2.3.1 What is Written Discourse
        2.3.2 Features of Written Discourse
        2.3.3 Researches on Discourse
Chapter Three Theoretical Framework
    3.1 Relevance Theory
        3.1.1 Description of Relevance Theory
        3.1.2 Principle of Relevance Theory
    3.2 Cognitive Context and Relevance Theory
    3.3 Cognitive Context and Ostensive-Inference Communication
Chapter Four Cognitive Context and Written Discourse Production
    4.1 Relevance theory and Written Discourse Production
    4.2 Writer’s Cognitive Context and Written Discourse Production
        4.2.1 Writer’s Mental Schema and Written Style
        4.2.2 Writer’s Cultural Schema and Written Order
        4.2.3 Writer’s Cognitive Context and Lexical Selection
    4.3 Reader’s Cognitive Context and Written Discourse Production
        4.3.1 Writer’s Estimation of Reader’s Cognitive Context
        4.3.2 Reader’s Expectation and Written Discourse Production
    4.4 Writer’s Intention and Written Discourse Production
Chapter Five Cognitive Context and Written Discourse Comprehension
    5.1 Written Discourse Comprehension
        5.1.1 The Communication between Reader and Written Discourse
        5.1.2 The Cognitive Context’s Role in Written Discourse Comprehension
        5.1.3 Principles for Written Discourse Comprehension
    5.2 A Comparison between Traditional Context and Cognitive Context in Comprehension
    5.3 The Selection of Cognitive Context in Written Discourse Comprehension
        5.3.1 Writer’s Restriction to Reader’s Cognitive Context Selection
        5.3.2 Reader’s Cognitive Environment to Cognitive Context Selection
    5.4 The Construction of Cognitive Context in Written Discourse Comprehension
        5.4.1 Mutual-Manifest to Cognitive Context Construction
        5.4.2 The Construction of Encyclopedic Entries
        5.4.3 Written Discourse Resource to Cognitive Context Construction
Chapter Six Conclusion
Bibliography
Acknowledgement
Academic Achievements



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