傳統(tǒng)隱喻理論僅把隱喻看做是一種語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象。而自從萊考夫和約翰遜1980年出版了他們的著作《我們賴以生存的》以來(lái),更多語(yǔ)言學(xué)家認(rèn)同了隱喻是一種認(rèn)知現(xiàn)象。萊考夫的概念隱喻理論認(rèn)為人們的概念系統(tǒng)從本質(zhì)上來(lái)說(shuō)是隱喻性的,概念系統(tǒng)的隱喻性決定了人們語(yǔ)言及行為的隱喻性。在概念隱喻理論中,隱喻指代一種從源域到目標(biāo)域的映射關(guān)系。而先前被稱為隱喻的語(yǔ)言應(yīng)被稱為隱喻性表達(dá)。他們同隱喻性的行為,隱喻性的標(biāo)識(shí)一樣都是概念系統(tǒng)隱喻性的反映。因此可以說(shuō)萊考夫的概念隱喻理論是革命性的。萊考夫概念隱喻的哲學(xué)基礎(chǔ)是經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義,經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義不同于主觀主義和客觀主義把客觀因素或主觀因素絕對(duì)化,而是強(qiáng)調(diào)了人對(duì)于客觀事物的理解。經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義認(rèn)為,人對(duì)客觀事物的理解有直接的理解和間接的理解兩種。而以體驗(yàn)為基礎(chǔ)的隱喻是人們理解抽象概念的主要手段。人的體驗(yàn)與隱喻形成固定關(guān)系有兩種方式。一種是把體驗(yàn)抽象為體驗(yàn)格式塔或者意象圖示,比如方向隱喻,容器隱喻等常規(guī)隱喻。另一種是基于人的某些體驗(yàn)的同現(xiàn)關(guān)系。如“愛(ài)是溫暖”這一隱喻就是建立在兒童在母親溫暖懷抱中同時(shí)得到愛(ài)這一體驗(yàn)中。這類隱喻經(jīng)常是結(jié)構(gòu)隱喻或新隱喻。新奇隱喻性表達(dá)都是建立在已有的結(jié)構(gòu)隱喻上的,因... 

【文章來(lái)源】：上海外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)上海市 211工程院校 教育部直屬院校

【文章頁(yè)數(shù)】：54 頁(yè)

【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士

【文章目錄】：
Acknowledgements
Abstract
摘要
Chapter One Introduction
    1.1 Significance of the Study of Metaphor
    1.2 Research Questions
    1.3 Research Methods
    1.4 Organization of the Thesis
Chapter Two Review of the Study of Metaphor
    2.1 Classical Study of Metaphor
        2.1.1 Classical Definition
        2.1.2 Classical View on the Nature of Metaphor
    2.2 Cognitive Approaches to the Study of Metaphor
        2.2.1 Interaction Theory
        2.2.2 Mapping Theory
        2.2.3 Conceptual Blending and Mental Space Theory
    2.3 Classification of Metaphor
Chapter Three Experientialism
    3.1 Emergence of Experientialism
    3.2 Essence of Experientialism
        3.2.1 Experiential Gestalts
        3.2.2 Image Schema
        3.2.3 The Invariance Principle
    3.3 Experientialism and Categorization
    3.4 Significance of Experientialism
Chapter Four Relation Between Experientialism and Conceptual Metaphor
    4.1 Understanding----the Bridge Between Experience and Metaphor
        4.1.1 Direct immediate understanding
        4.1.2 Indirect understanding
        4.1.3 Characteristics of Human Understanding
    4.2 Experientialism and Metaphor----from a Philosophical Point of View
    4.3 Human Experience and Conceptual Metaphor----Examples
        4.3.1 Human Experience and Orientational Metaphor
        4.3.2 Human Experience and Ontological Metaphor
        4.3.3 Human Experience and Structural Metaphor
    4.4 Conceptual Metaphor in Shaping Human Experience
        4.4.1 The Conduit Metaphor
        4.4.2 Highlighting and Hiding of Meaning by Metaphor
Chapter Five Conclusion
Bibliography


【參考文獻(xiàn)】：
期刊論文
[1]語(yǔ)言的隱喻認(rèn)知結(jié)構(gòu)——《我們賴以生存的隱喻》評(píng)介[J]. 趙艷芳.  外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究. 1995(03)
[2]R.W.Langacker的“認(rèn)知語(yǔ)法”[J]. 沈家煊.  國(guó)外語(yǔ)言學(xué). 1994(01)
[3]《思維空間》述介[J]. 王勤學(xué).  外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究. 1994(01)



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