語(yǔ)言常被定義為用于交際的工具,因此意義的理解對(duì)于成功交際具有決定作用。語(yǔ)言學(xué)家業(yè)已提出多種意義理論,描寫和闡釋自然語(yǔ)言會(huì)話中的語(yǔ)言機(jī)制。格萊斯的“會(huì)話含意”理論、斯珀伯和威爾遜的“關(guān)聯(lián)理論”以及巴赫的“隱含含意”理論都傾向于推理性理解策略,認(rèn)為語(yǔ)言交際要依靠規(guī)則和原則對(duì)意義進(jìn)行推理。這些理論雖然具有強(qiáng)大解釋力,占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位,但自誕生之日起便受到來(lái)自“反推理主義”語(yǔ)言學(xué)者的攻擊,他們強(qiáng)調(diào)話語(yǔ)理解是自動(dòng)、非自省以及缺省的過(guò)程。二者之間的論戰(zhàn)至今尚無(wú)定論。本文引介了“缺省語(yǔ)義學(xué)”這一非推理性話語(yǔ)理解理論�！叭笔≌Z(yǔ)義學(xué)”這一術(shù)語(yǔ)由杰斯?jié)勺魻柼赜?005年在其同名專著中正式提出。該理論以“交際行為”為研究對(duì)象,其對(duì)應(yīng)的“合并表征”具有真值條件,各種信息來(lái)源同步作用,賦予“合并表征”以真值。缺省語(yǔ)義學(xué)研究“首要意義”或稱“顯著意義”,提出“首要意義”與“明說(shuō)”不同,不受句法限制。雖然當(dāng)前很多語(yǔ)言學(xué)理論在一定程度上都表現(xiàn)出“缺省”的特點(diǎn),比如列文森的“一般會(huì)話含意”,阿舍和拉斯卡里茲的“分段語(yǔ)篇表征理論”,巴赫的“缺省推理”以及雷卡納蒂的“自動(dòng)充實(shí)”,但是,相對(duì)于這些理論,缺省語(yǔ)義學(xué)更加明確地描寫了... 

【文章來(lái)源】：河北大學(xué)河北省

【文章頁(yè)數(shù)】：88 頁(yè)

【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士

【文章目錄】：
Abstract
摘要
Chapter 1 Introduction
    1.1 Issues to be Resolved
    1.2 Research Methodology
        1.2.1 Literature Analysis
        1.2.2 Empirical Research
    1.3 Research Goals and Significance
    1.4 Outline of the Thesis
Chapter 2 Theories of Meaning
    2.1 Extant Theories on Explicit/Implicit Meaning
        2.1.1 Paul Grice: Implicature
        2.1.2 Relevance Theorists: Explicature and Implicature
        2.1.3 Kent Bach: Impliciture
    2.2 Extant Theories on “Default”
        2.2.1 Paul Grice: Conventional Implicature and GCI
        2.2.2 Relevance Theorists: Spontaneous Inference
        2.2.3 Levinson: GCI
        2.2.4 Asher and Lascarides: SDRT
        2.2.5 Kent Bach: Default Reasoning
        2.2.6 Fran?ois Recanati: Automatic Enrichment
    2.3 Kasia Jaszczolt: Default Semantics
Chapter 3 Traditional Models and the Default Model of Utterance Interpretation
    3.1 Inferentialism versus Anti-inferentialism?
    3.2 Flaws With Traditional Models
        3.2.1 Failure in Mirroring Interpretative Speed and Efficiency
        3.2.2 Arbitrariness in the Derivation of Implicated Meaning
        3.2.3 Absence of Psychological Evidence
        3.2.4 Problems With Terminologies
    3.3 Merits With Default Semantics
        3.3.1 Parsimony of Levels
        3.3.2 Terminological Perspicuity
        3.3.3 Mirroring Speed and Efficiency of Utterance Interpretation
        3.3.4 Formalization of Linguistic Phenomenon
Chapter 4 Primary Meaning and Default Interpretation
    4.1 DS’Theory of Meaning
        4.1.1 Primary Meaning
        4.1.2 Secondary Meaning
        4.1.3 Meaning Compositionality
        4.1.4 Merger Representation “∑”
    4.2 Default Interpretation
        4.2.1 The 2007 Model
        4.2.2 The 2005 Model
        4.2.3 Differences and Connections Between the Two Models
    4.3 Cognitive Defaults and Social-Cultural Defaults
        4.3.1 Cognitive Defaults
        4.3.2 Social-Cultural Defaults
    4.4 Applications of DS
        4.4.1 Defaults for Definite Descriptions
        4.4.2 Defaults for Future Tense
        4.4.3 Defaults for Number Terms
Chapter 5 A Tentative Empirical Study
    5.1 Process
        5.1.1 Participants
        5.1.2 Research Design and Sample Questions
    5.2 Results and Discussion
        5.2.1 Statistical Results
        5.2.2 Primary Meaning As Largely Used in Daily Communication
        5.2.3 Default Semantics Compatible With the Chinese Language
        5.2.4 Further Discussion
Chapter 6 Conclusion
    6.1 Advantages of DS Over Traditional Approaches
    6.2 DS As a Successful Theory of Utterance Interpretation
    6.3 Limitations and Possible Future Research
Works Cited
Bibliography
Appendix
Acknowledgements


【參考文獻(xiàn)】：
期刊論文
[1]默認(rèn)語(yǔ)義學(xué)對(duì)語(yǔ)義學(xué)、語(yǔ)用學(xué)界面的研究及其評(píng)價(jià)[J]. 張權(quán),李娟.  外國(guó)語(yǔ)(上海外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)). 2006(01)
[2]篇章表述理論概說(shuō)[J]. 潘海華.  國(guó)外語(yǔ)言學(xué). 1996(03)



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