【摘要】：瑞士語言學(xué)家索緒爾是20世紀(jì)影響最為深遠(yuǎn)的語言學(xué)家。也是全球公認(rèn)的現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)之父。他的《普通語言學(xué)教程》在語言學(xué)史上占有里程碑式意義的地位，，在索緒爾之后的語言學(xué)基本上都是以《普通語言學(xué)教程》為參照點，是對索緒爾語言觀和方法論的闡述、延伸、批評和發(fā)展。 索緒爾的語言理論以其新穎的思想和深刻的哲理日益受到學(xué)術(shù)界的重視，但隨著研究的深入和爭議的增多，讀者們更渴望了解他的真實思想。1993年英國出版了索緒爾第三期課程的聽課學(xué)生埃米爾·孔斯唐丹的聽課筆記《索緒爾第三次普通語言學(xué)教程》。這本書由Eisuke Komatsu(小松·英輔)和Roy Harris編輯和翻譯，是一個法英對照本。這為我們在《普通語言學(xué)教程》的基礎(chǔ)上更完整、準(zhǔn)確地理解索緒爾的思想提供了珍貴的參考資料。 對索緒爾和他的《普通語言學(xué)教程》的研究國內(nèi)外有很多學(xué)者，但對于《普通語言學(xué)教程》和《索緒爾第三次普通語言學(xué)教程》的對比研究較少。 本文運用對比分析的方法，對《普通語言學(xué)教程》與《索緒爾第三次普通語言學(xué)教程》中出現(xiàn)的差異進(jìn)行了對比分析。本論文有六個部分組成： 第一章介紹了本論文的研究背景、研究目的、意義、研究對象等等。 第二章追溯了國內(nèi)外對索緒爾語言思想的相關(guān)研究。 第三章闡明了本論文采用的理論框架。 第四章介紹了本論文的研究設(shè)計，包括研究問題，研究方法和研究步驟等等。 第五章具體分析了兩期教程的總體差異。并從語言和言語、任意性原則和線性原則、共時研究和歷時研究、組合關(guān)系和聯(lián)想關(guān)系等方面對兩期語言學(xué)教程進(jìn)行對比分析并得出它們之間的差異；鑒于在語言學(xué)界出現(xiàn)的關(guān)于索緒爾語言思想的爭議和問題，這部分也加入了對這方面的介紹和討論。 第六章是結(jié)論。通過本論文的分析證明《普通語言學(xué)教程》與《索緒爾第三次普通語言學(xué)教程》之間出現(xiàn)了差異。主要的差異有：兩個版本內(nèi)容的編排方式發(fā)生了變化，兩個版本對應(yīng)的內(nèi)容有增有減，甚至提出了新的觀點和不同的看法，例如在講述語言和言語時側(cè)重點發(fā)生了變化；對相對任意性觀點有了更深入的認(rèn)識；對橫組合關(guān)系與聚合關(guān)系之間的關(guān)系提出了新的見解等等。同時對同一觀點的陳述有了更為準(zhǔn)確而清晰地表達(dá)；相對第一次教程，第三次教程有更為豐富的例證和圖表做論據(jù)。從一點一滴內(nèi)容的變化中呈現(xiàn)出索緒爾思想發(fā)生的變化，進(jìn)而也說明了索緒爾思想日臻成熟的歷程。
[Abstract]:Saussure, a Swiss linguist, was the most influential linguist in the 20 th century. He is also recognized as the father of modern linguistics in the world. His course of General Linguistics occupies a landmark position in the history of linguistics. After Saussure, linguistics is basically based on the course of General Linguistics, which is the exposition, extension, criticism and development of Saussure's view of language and methodology. Saussure's language theory has been paid more and more attention by the academic circles because of his novel thought and profound philosophy, but with the deepening of the research and the increase of controversy, readers are more eager to understand his true thought. In 1993, the third course of General Linguistics of Emile Kons Tang Dan, a student of Saussure's third course, was published in England. Edited and translated by Eisuke Komatsu (Komatsu Yingfu and Roy Harris, this book is a French-English comparison. This provides a valuable reference for us to understand Saussure's thought more completely and accurately on the basis of the course of General Linguistics. There are many scholars at home and abroad on Saussure and his course of General Linguistics, but there are few contrastive studies on the course of General Linguistics and the third course of General Linguistics of Saussure. By means of contrastive analysis, this paper makes a comparative analysis of the differences between the course of General Linguistics and the third course of General Linguistics in Saussure. This paper consists of six parts: the first chapter introduces the research background, research purpose, significance, research object and so on. The second chapter traces the relevant research on Saussure's language thought at home and abroad. The third chapter clarifies the theoretical framework used in this paper. The fourth chapter introduces the research design of this paper, including research problems, research methods and research steps and so on. The fifth chapter analyzes the overall differences between the two tutorials. The differences between the two linguistic courses are compared and analyzed from the aspects of language and speech, arbitrariness principle and linear principle, synchronic and diachronic studies, combinatorial relations and associative relations, and the differences between them are obtained. In view of the controversy and problems about Saussure's linguistic thought in the field of linguistics, this part also adds to the introduction and discussion in this respect. The sixth chapter is the conclusion. Through the analysis of this thesis, it is proved that there is a difference between the course of General Linguistics and the third course of General Linguistics in Saussure. The main differences are as follows: the arrangement of the content of the two versions has changed, the corresponding content of the two versions has been increased or decreased, and even new viewpoints and different views have been put forward, such as the change of emphasis in the narrative language and speech, a deeper understanding of the relatively arbitrary point of view, and a new view on the relationship between the horizontal combination relationship and the aggregation relationship, and so on. At the same time, the statement of the same point of view is expressed more accurately and clearly; compared with the first tutorial, the third tutorial has more abundant examples and charts as arguments. From the change of content, it shows the change of Saussure's thought, and then explains the course of Saussure's thought becoming more and more mature.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H0-4

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