現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)附綴研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2019-06-12 12:31
【摘要】:附綴以及附綴化研究是現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法研究中一個(gè)全新的領(lǐng)域,雖然在語(yǔ)言學(xué)者的論著中涉及到附綴的概念以及用法,但是至今還沒(méi)有全面系統(tǒng)的專(zhuān)門(mén)研究。本文運(yùn)用附綴化、語(yǔ)義演變、韻律語(yǔ)法以及主觀化的相關(guān)理論,對(duì)現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)附綴的句法、語(yǔ)義、語(yǔ)用和標(biāo)記功能進(jìn)行了全面系統(tǒng)的考察,,并運(yùn)用個(gè)案的考察對(duì)附綴以及附綴化理論進(jìn)行了論證和解釋。全文除緒論和結(jié)語(yǔ),主體分為四篇十六章。 第一篇,對(duì)西方附綴以及附綴化理論體系進(jìn)行了闡釋?zhuān)懻摿苏Z(yǔ)法化、詞匯化與附綴化的關(guān)系,并根據(jù)附綴與虛詞、詞綴的區(qū)別,區(qū)分出現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)附綴的典型特征,進(jìn)而對(duì)附綴進(jìn)行界定并確定附綴的定義,在此基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)中附綴的類(lèi)型與來(lái)源,功能與作用進(jìn)行考察。 第二篇,考察了實(shí)源類(lèi)的附綴“說(shuō)”、“是”、方位詞和“個(gè)”。位于謂賓動(dòng)詞、能愿動(dòng)詞以及連詞后的“說(shuō)”屬于典型的后附綴;“X是”用于表達(dá)主觀強(qiáng)調(diào)和情態(tài)評(píng)價(jià),附綴“是”具有語(yǔ)用標(biāo)記功能;方位詞后附于雙音節(jié)成分構(gòu)成超音段結(jié)構(gòu)并脫離時(shí)空范疇,符合形態(tài)化過(guò)程中附綴的典型特征。 第三篇,考察了虛源類(lèi)附綴“以”、“著”、“們”和“的話(huà)”。結(jié)構(gòu)“V單+以+N”中的“以”詞義虛化導(dǎo)致結(jié)構(gòu)跨層從而具有了附綴特征;附綴“著”失去體標(biāo)記身份表現(xiàn)出特殊的賦賓功能;構(gòu)擬了附綴“們”的演化路徑,確定了“們”附綴的身份;根據(jù)“的話(huà)”粘附對(duì)象及語(yǔ)境中的功能擴(kuò)展表現(xiàn),得出“的話(huà)”屬于雙音節(jié)后附綴。 第四篇,對(duì)附綴的發(fā)展及演化趨勢(shì)進(jìn)行分析。前附綴“所”由于詞義虛化和結(jié)構(gòu)嬗變使其零形化;雙音節(jié)后附綴“于”由于功能羨余和韻律制約導(dǎo)致其零形化;非真值語(yǔ)義否定詞“不”由于主觀化以及類(lèi)推作用附綴化為語(yǔ)用標(biāo)記;雙音節(jié)附綴“起來(lái)”經(jīng)歷附綴化到詞匯化過(guò)程進(jìn)一步演化為特殊的雙音節(jié)詞綴。 本文的創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)主要包括以下幾個(gè)方面:首先,本文第一次系統(tǒng)的闡釋了目前西方語(yǔ)言學(xué)界附綴以及附綴化的理論,并且首次對(duì)漢語(yǔ)中的附綴及其附綴化進(jìn)行了全面的考察。其次,西方語(yǔ)言學(xué)界利用某種假設(shè)性的規(guī)則解釋附綴的語(yǔ)法變化,忽視了語(yǔ)言自身歷時(shí)發(fā)展,本文以動(dòng)態(tài)的眼光關(guān)注附綴的語(yǔ)法表現(xiàn),不僅關(guān)注其歷時(shí)演化過(guò)程中的動(dòng)因與機(jī)制,而且注意辨析其共時(shí)層面的功能與分化。再次,本文的研究能夠解釋一些漢語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法問(wèn)題,如古代漢語(yǔ)中絕大部分介賓結(jié)構(gòu)前置于動(dòng)詞,但仍有部分位于動(dòng)詞之后的原因等。最后,對(duì)現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)的詞類(lèi)系統(tǒng)的研究做了有益的增補(bǔ)和拓展,并將附綴及附綴化的理論研究覆蓋面由屈折語(yǔ)、粘附語(yǔ)以及多式綜合語(yǔ)延展到孤立語(yǔ)中。
[Abstract]:The affixes and affixes are a new field in the study of modern Chinese grammar. Although the concept and usage of the affix are involved in the study of the language scholars, there is no special study of the system yet. This paper makes an overall systematic study of the syntactic, semantic, pragmatic and marking functions of the affix in modern Chinese by using the related theories of attachment, semantic evolution, prosodic grammar and subjectivism. In addition to the introduction and the conclusion, the main body is divided into four chapters. In the first part, the theoretical system of the western attachment and the affixes is explained, the relationship between the grammaticalization, the lexicalization and the affixes is discussed, and the characteristic of the affix in modern Chinese is distinguished according to the difference between the affixes and the virtual words and the affix. In this paper, the definition of the affixes and the definition of the affixes are defined, and the types and sources, functions and functions of the affixes in modern Chinese are examined. The second part, the attached "say", the "Yes", the square word and the "a" u of the real source class are investigated. nk>. The "say", which is located in the predicate verb, can be used as a verb and a word, is a typical postfix; the "X鏄
本文編號(hào):2498024
[Abstract]:The affixes and affixes are a new field in the study of modern Chinese grammar. Although the concept and usage of the affix are involved in the study of the language scholars, there is no special study of the system yet. This paper makes an overall systematic study of the syntactic, semantic, pragmatic and marking functions of the affix in modern Chinese by using the related theories of attachment, semantic evolution, prosodic grammar and subjectivism. In addition to the introduction and the conclusion, the main body is divided into four chapters. In the first part, the theoretical system of the western attachment and the affixes is explained, the relationship between the grammaticalization, the lexicalization and the affixes is discussed, and the characteristic of the affix in modern Chinese is distinguished according to the difference between the affixes and the virtual words and the affix. In this paper, the definition of the affixes and the definition of the affixes are defined, and the types and sources, functions and functions of the affixes in modern Chinese are examined. The second part, the attached "say", the "Yes", the square word and the "a" u of the real source class are investigated. nk>. The "say", which is located in the predicate verb, can be used as a verb and a word, is a typical postfix; the "X鏄
本文編號(hào):2498024
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