【摘要】：拒絕言語行為是一種語言交際形式，通常指說話者對指令行為做出否定反應(yīng)的行為。拒絕言語行為是內(nèi)在威脅交際對象面子的行為，因此其實(shí)施需要很多技巧策略，以做到不僅表達(dá)了拒絕意圖，而且還能把威脅面子的程度降至最低。因此，使用各種策略實(shí)現(xiàn)拒絕言語行為就變得非常必要。 本文以言語行為理論和禮貌原則為基礎(chǔ)，對兩部主題，題材，人物描寫均有相似之處的家族小說：清代古典小說《紅樓夢》和現(xiàn)代小說《金粉世家》中拒絕言語行為策略做了詳細(xì)的對比研究。重點(diǎn)研究這兩本小說中拒絕言語行為策略的使用差異。同時，還對影響拒絕策略的兩個社會因素，相對權(quán)勢和社會距離進(jìn)行研究，以研究它們對拒絕策略使用的影響。 本文利用從《紅樓夢》前八十回和《金粉世家》中搜集到的語料，，并根據(jù)研究問題使用統(tǒng)計(jì)歸納的方法對這些語料進(jìn)行了分析。 語言是社會文化的載體，它不是靜止不動的。它對社會的反映最為敏感，隨著社會的發(fā)展不斷地發(fā)生演變。研究結(jié)果顯示，在兩本小說中，人們都傾向于使用間接拒絕策略以將面子威脅降到最低。但《金粉世家》中直接拒絕策略的使用頻率對比與《紅樓夢》中有很大提高。而在間接策略方面，兩本小說中，講道理策略都最為常用。此外，相比于《紅樓夢》，《金粉世家》中勸說對話者放棄策略頻率增高，替代策略明顯減少，回避策略無明顯變化，這三種拒絕策略都屬于使用頻率都較高的間接策略。此外，講原則和使用俗語策略都有所降低。 在兩本小說中，權(quán)勢較高的拒絕者都更傾向于使用直接拒絕策略，此傾向《金粉世家》中更為明顯，其次為講道理策略。當(dāng)權(quán)勢平等時，《紅樓夢》中講道理策略使用頻率最高，而在《金粉世家》中為直接拒絕策略。社會距離對策略的選擇也有一定影響，雙方關(guān)系為親屬時，首選都為講道理策略，但《金粉世家》中其余策略的使用更多樣化。雙方不存在親屬關(guān)系時，《金粉世家》中最多使用的是直接拒絕策略，而《紅樓夢》中為講道理策略。
[Abstract]:Refusal speech act is a form of language communication, which usually refers to the speaker's negative response to instruction behavior. Refusal speech act is an inherent threat to the face of the communicative object, so its implementation requires a lot of skills and strategies to not only express the refusal intention, but also reduce the degree of face threat to a minimum. Therefore, it is very necessary to use various strategies to achieve refusal speech act. Based on speech act theory and politeness principle, this paper deals with two topics and themes. There are similarities in the description of characters in family novels: the classical novel A Dream of Red Mansions in Qing Dynasty and the modern novel Golden Powder Family make a detailed comparative study on the strategies of refusing speech acts. This paper focuses on the differences in the use of refusal speech act strategies in the two novels. At the same time, two social factors, relative power and social distance, which affect the rejection strategy, are also studied in order to study their influence on the use of rejection strategy. This paper makes use of the corpus collected from the first 80 times of A Dream of Red Mansions and the Golden Powder Family, and analyzes these corpus according to the method of statistical induction. Language is the carrier of social culture, it is not static. It is the most sensitive to the response of society, with the development of society continues to evolve. The results show that in both novels, people tend to use indirect rejection strategy to minimize face threats. However, the frequency of direct rejection strategy in Golden Powder Family is much higher than that in A Dream of Red Mansions. In terms of indirect strategy, reasonable strategy is the most commonly used in both novels. In addition, compared with A Dream of Red Mansions, the frequency of persuading interlocutors to give up the strategy is increased, the alternative strategy is obviously reduced, and the avoidance strategy has no obvious change. All three rejection strategies belong to the indirect strategy with higher frequency of use. In addition, speaking principles and using idiom strategies have been reduced. In both novels, the more powerful refusal is more inclined to use the direct rejection strategy, which is more obvious in the Golden Powder Family, followed by the reasonable strategy. When the power is equal, the rational strategy is the most frequently used in A Dream of Red Mansions, while the direct rejection strategy is in the Golden Family. Social distance also has a certain impact on the choice of strategies. When the relationship between the two sides is a relative, the first choice is reasonable strategy, but the use of the rest of the strategies in the Golden Family is more diversified. When there is no kinship between the two sides, the strategy of direct rejection is the most used in Golden Powder Family, and the reasonable strategy is used in A Dream of Red Mansions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H13;I207.4

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