【摘要】：語(yǔ)調(diào)作為語(yǔ)言中的超音段信息，與語(yǔ)義表達(dá)和語(yǔ)用交際等領(lǐng)域有著密不可分的聯(lián)系。作為聲調(diào)語(yǔ)言，漢語(yǔ)與英語(yǔ)等非聲調(diào)語(yǔ)言不同，漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)調(diào)與聲調(diào)存在相互作用的關(guān)系，因此其研究存在相對(duì)的復(fù)雜性�；谮w元任，吳宗濟(jì)，沈炯,許毅等前人對(duì)成人漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)調(diào)功能的研究成果，本文以Xu Yi（2004）的平行編碼及目標(biāo)趨近模型（PENTA Model）為理論基礎(chǔ)，以窄焦點(diǎn)為分析重點(diǎn)，意在從聲學(xué)角度探究中國(guó)7至12歲學(xué)齡兒童焦點(diǎn)語(yǔ)調(diào)功能的格局及發(fā)展?fàn)顩r。本文主要研究三個(gè)問(wèn)題： 1）在調(diào)域和調(diào)階及調(diào)形三個(gè)參數(shù)上，兩組兒童對(duì)寬窄焦點(diǎn)語(yǔ)調(diào)表現(xiàn)有什么不同？ 2）兩組兒童在窄焦點(diǎn)語(yǔ)調(diào)實(shí)現(xiàn)方式上有無(wú)差異？ 3）年齡是否會(huì)影響焦點(diǎn)語(yǔ)調(diào)的產(chǎn)出？ 在此研究中，目標(biāo)語(yǔ)句將以問(wèn)答方式引出，四類(lèi)目標(biāo)語(yǔ)句基于沈炯（1985）對(duì)成人的實(shí)驗(yàn)句，，并對(duì)其進(jìn)行了修改，每類(lèi)目標(biāo)句配有一幅圖片，增強(qiáng)實(shí)驗(yàn)的趣味性使其適用于學(xué)齡兒童。受試者是24名來(lái)自長(zhǎng)沙公立小學(xué)的學(xué)生，實(shí)驗(yàn)使用Cool edit2.0錄音。根據(jù)年齡分為兩組：兩組平均年齡分別為7;04和11;05。兒童自然朗讀產(chǎn)出的語(yǔ)調(diào)為寬焦點(diǎn)語(yǔ)調(diào)，通過(guò)問(wèn)答引出的語(yǔ)調(diào)為窄焦點(diǎn)語(yǔ)調(diào)。本學(xué)位論文主要從三個(gè)聲學(xué)參數(shù)：調(diào)域，調(diào)階和調(diào)形出發(fā)對(duì)比寬（自然）與窄焦點(diǎn)不同和兩個(gè)年齡組窄焦點(diǎn)實(shí)現(xiàn)方式的差異，并研究了年齡是否影響焦點(diǎn)這一功能語(yǔ)調(diào)的產(chǎn)出。 利用Cool edit2.0和MiniSpeech桌上語(yǔ)音工作室進(jìn)行語(yǔ)調(diào)短語(yǔ)切分和音高值提取及數(shù)據(jù)歸一化,然后使用SPSS（15.0版本）對(duì)兩組數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。結(jié)果顯示： 1）通過(guò)寬窄焦點(diǎn)的對(duì)比，寬焦點(diǎn)語(yǔ)調(diào)平緩，組一兒童將焦點(diǎn)放置于句中調(diào)群，但組二兒童焦點(diǎn)放置于句末調(diào)域。但窄焦點(diǎn)中，對(duì)目標(biāo)句某一個(gè)調(diào)群進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，兩個(gè)年齡組調(diào)域得到擴(kuò)張。第二組調(diào)階得到抬升，而第一組三個(gè)調(diào)群只有一個(gè)得到抬升。兩組的四個(gè)單字調(diào)起點(diǎn)和終點(diǎn)都得到抬升或降低，但字調(diào)基本形狀未發(fā)生改變。 2）窄焦點(diǎn)中，兩組兒童聲學(xué)表現(xiàn)存在差異。組二調(diào)域擴(kuò)張程度較組一大，組二調(diào)階統(tǒng)一得到抬升，組一只有一個(gè)調(diào)群調(diào)階得到抬升。組二四個(gè)單音動(dòng)詞聲調(diào)起點(diǎn)終點(diǎn)變化較組一明顯。組二兒童內(nèi)部表現(xiàn)較為一致。雖然7歲兒童已具有焦點(diǎn)這一語(yǔ)調(diào)功能意識(shí)，但相對(duì)于第二組，內(nèi)部差異較大。 3）兩年齡組窄焦點(diǎn)語(yǔ)調(diào)的非參數(shù)檢驗(yàn)表明：兩組兒童在窄焦點(diǎn)語(yǔ)調(diào)調(diào)域上存在顯著性差異，調(diào)階表現(xiàn)也存在顯著性差異，且四個(gè)動(dòng)詞聲調(diào)第二組變化明顯大于第一組。說(shuō)明年齡對(duì)兒童焦點(diǎn)語(yǔ)調(diào)產(chǎn)出有影響，年齡較大兒童能較為準(zhǔn)確地對(duì)想要傳達(dá)的信息進(jìn)行焦點(diǎn)凸顯，兒童焦點(diǎn)語(yǔ)調(diào)隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)產(chǎn)出模式趨于穩(wěn)定。 本文結(jié)論與Wells (2004)年研究的英國(guó)學(xué)齡兒童結(jié)論一樣，學(xué)齡期也是漢語(yǔ)兒童語(yǔ)調(diào)交際功能發(fā)展的重要時(shí)期。在Xu Yi (2004)提出的平行編碼與目標(biāo)趨近（PENTA）模型下，本文也證明基頻曲線(xiàn)可以傳遞焦點(diǎn)這一交際功能，主要通過(guò)改變聲學(xué)參數(shù)如音高音域，音階和聲調(diào)起點(diǎn)及終點(diǎn)值來(lái)逐漸趨近目標(biāo)語(yǔ)調(diào)，實(shí)現(xiàn)通過(guò)F0曲線(xiàn)來(lái)傳遞信息的功能。
[Abstract]:The intonation is closely related to the field of semantic expression and pragmatic communication. As the language of the tone, the non-tonal languages such as Chinese and English are different, and the Chinese intonation and the tone have the relation of the interaction, so the study has the relative complexity. Based on the previous research results on the function of Chinese intonation in adults, such as Zhao Yuanren, Wu Zongji, Shen Yi and Xu Yi, this paper, based on the parallel coding of Xu Yi (2004) and the target approach model (PENTA Model), focuses on the narrow focus. The purpose of this paper is to explore the pattern and development of the function of the focus of the school-age children from 7 to 12 in China from the angle of acoustics. In this paper, three main problems are studied: 1) In the three parameters of adjustment and adjustment and shape adjustment, there is no difference between the two groups of children in the tone of the wide and narrow focus In that same way, there are two groups of children in a narrow-focus tone of tone. No difference?3) Does the age affect the focus In this study, the target statement will be led out in a question-and-answer mode. The four types of target statements are based on the experimental sentences of the adult in Shenyang (1985) and modified. Each type of target sentence is equipped with a picture, and the interest of the experiment is enhanced to make it It is suitable for school-age children. The subject is a student from a public primary school in Changsha, and the experiment uses Cool it2.0 recording. divided into two groups according to age: the average age of the two groups is 7;0 4 and 11;05. The intonation of the child's natural reading output is a wide-focus tone, through a question-and-answer. In this thesis, the differences between the wide (natural) and narrow focus groups and the narrow focus of the two age groups are compared with the two different age groups, and the influence of the age on the focus is also studied. The output of the functional intonation is based on the intonation phrase segmentation and pitch value extraction and data normalization using the Cool edit2.0 and MiniSpeech desk voice studio, and then using SPSS (15.0 version) pair Group data The results show that:1) By the contrast of the wide and narrow focus, the tone of the wide focal point is gentle, and a group of children will focus the focal point in the sentence, but the group 2 in that narrow focus, when one of the target sentence is emphasized, The two groups were expanded. The second set was raised, and the first group of three. Only one of the groups is lifted. The starting and ending points of the four single words in the two groups are raised or lowered, but the basic shape of the note does not change.) In the narrow focus There is a difference in the two groups of children's acoustic performance. There is a set of tones to be raised. The second four-tone verbs in the group The change of the end point of the starting point of the tone is more obvious than that 2. The internal performance of the two children is more consistent. Although the 7-year-old has a focus on the tone-of-the-tone function awareness, Relative to the second group, the internal difference is larger.3) The non-quantitative test of the narrow focus tone of the two age groups shows that there is a significant difference in the two groups of children in the narrow-focus tone-adjusting domain, and there is a significant difference in the level-adjusting performance, and the four movements The change of the second group of the tone of the word is significantly larger than that of the first group. The description of the influence of the age on the output of the children's focus, the older children can more accurately focus on the information they want to convey, and the focus of the children's focus The results of this paper are the same as those of the British school-age children studied in Welles (2004). In the model of the parallel coding and target approach (PENTA) proposed by Xu Yi (2004), this paper also proves that the fundamental frequency curve can transmit the communicative function of the focus, mainly by changing the acoustic parameters such as pitch, scale and scale. the tone start point and the end point value gradually approach the target intonation
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：H116

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