【摘要】：詞化是“一種語言單位(跨層結(jié)構(gòu)、字+字、詞組、句法結(jié)構(gòu)……)向詞歷史地演化的過程和結(jié)果”,它分兩種情況,一種是漸進性的過程,指非詞單位(多是指短語)凝固化為一個詞的過程,是歷時性的；一種是指在這一凝固過程中的任一狀態(tài),也就是詞化進程中的成果,它是靜態(tài)的,是從共時的角度來看的。離合詞從靜態(tài)的角度來看,它既不是詞也不是短語,它就是一個詞和短語的“中間狀態(tài)”,是一個“特殊的詞”。但從動態(tài)來看,它是詞化這一現(xiàn)象的直接體現(xiàn),它處于短語固化為詞的中間過渡地帶,是我們研究詞化、揭示詞化的關(guān)鍵一環(huán)。所謂“窺一斑而知全豹”,通過對離合詞的演化過程分析,我們可以更清晰地看到整個詞化現(xiàn)象的過程和機制。而用如動賓的離合詞,是一個封閉的集合,是無數(shù)離合詞當中可以列舉且具有代表性的一部分特色群體。由于離合詞大多數(shù)都是動賓型的結(jié)構(gòu),而用如動賓的這一部分本不是動賓結(jié)構(gòu),只是由于錯誤類推等原因造成了他們的動賓性,因此更具有特殊性和代表性。趙淑華、張寶林(1996)對《漢語水平詞匯與漢字等級大綱》中3590個動詞(含兼屬動詞和他類詞的兼類詞)和短語的篩選,共選出非動賓式而用如動賓式的動名組合的離合詞共7個：鞠躬、洗澡、游泳、睡覺、游行、考試、登記。這七個離合詞既有個性又有共性。個性之處是他們各有各的詞化過程,其起止時間、詞化程度、成詞來歷等略有不同,這更有利于充分展示詞化這一現(xiàn)象的全貌及其復雜性,更能全面代表離合詞這一群體；而共同之處則是他們都經(jīng)歷了偶合——復呈——詞化三個階段,都伴隨有詞性變化現(xiàn)象,都因錯誤的類推導致結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生了重新分析等,這些共同之處的揭示便是對詞化的過程、性質(zhì)的揭示,同時也是詞化的研究成果,它將有力地推動詞化研究繼續(xù)深入前進。 離合詞的“過渡性”為我們提供了研究詞化的絕佳視角,而用如動賓的離合詞又是我們窺視離合詞的小窗口。通過歸納法對洗澡等七個離合詞先分析后總結(jié),我們得出這樣一個結(jié)論：他們的詞化過程相同,詞化的動因相同,詞化的機制相同。從此推而廣之,我們進一步總結(jié)出詞化的一般性規(guī)律：一、詞化是個歷時性過程,但個體會因出現(xiàn)的場合、使用的頻率等因素的不同導致詞化過程的歷時長短不一。二、詞化是個階段性的過程,某個階段這個語言單位可能正處于詞化的萌芽階段,也可能是過渡階段,也可能是成詞階段,也有可能是“去詞化”階段,總之,具體情況具體分析,不能以偏概全。更不能對這一語言單位采取“剛性”判定,固執(zhí)地認為它非此即彼,否認它的過渡性,否認語言的發(fā)展性、歷時性。語言單位的判定呼喚“柔性”,這也是基于客觀事實做出的理性抉擇。三、詞化的過程一般都是三個階段：偶合——復呈——詞化。四、詞化的發(fā)生是有原因的,一般與該語言單位的線性相鄰、使用頻率以及人們的習慣類推有關(guān)。
[Abstract]:The morphing is a "A language unit (cross-layer structure, word + word, phrase, and sentence structure).) the process and result of the evolution of word history", it is divided into two situations, one is the process of progressive, and the process of setting the non-word unit (more refers to the phrase) to a word is diachronic; one refers to any state in the solidification process, that is, the result in the process of morphing, it is static, From a common point of view. From a static point of view, the clutch word is neither a word nor a phrase, it is a "intermediate state" of words and phrases, and is a "a special word". But from the view of the dynamic, it is the direct expression of this phenomenon, it is in the middle transition zone of the word cure as the word, it is the key link of the study of the word and the word. The so-called "A glimpse of the panther", through the analysis of the evolution of the clutch word, we can see the process and mechanism of the whole morphing phenomenon more clearly. The clutch word, such as the moving object, is a closed set, which is a part of a number of characteristic groups that can be listed and have a representative character among the numerous clutch words. Because most of the clutch words are of the structure of the moving object type, and the part of the clutch is not the moving object structure, the reason of the error and so on causes their kinking, so it is more specific and representative. Zhao Shuhua, Zhang Baolin (1996), screened the 3590 verbs (including the part-and-the-class words of the verb and his class words) and the phrase of the , and the non-moving object type was selected, and 7 of the clutch words, such as the moving name combination of the moving object type, were selected: bowing, bathing, swimming, Sleep, parades, exams, registration. The seven clutch words have both personality and common character. The individual character is that they have different word-making processes, and the start-and-stop time, the degree of morphing and the generation of the word are slightly different, which is more conducive to the full display of the whole picture and the complexity of the phenomenon, and can more fully represent the group of the clutch words. The common thing is that they all go through the three stages of the coupling _ complex to the word-morphing, all of which are accompanied by the phenomenon of the change of the word, and because of the error of the analogy, the structure has been re-analyzed and so on, and the revelation of these things is the revelation of the process and the nature of the morphing. At the same time, it is also a part of the research of the word-making, and it will push the study of the word-making to advance. The "transitional" of the clutch word provides an excellent perspective for the study of the word-to-word, while the clutch word, such as the moving object, is the small window of our peephole. After analyzing the seven clutch words, such as bath and the like, we draw a conclusion that their morphing process is the same as that of the word-making process, and the morphing mechanism is the same. From then on, we further summarize the general rule of morphing: one, the morphing is a diachronic process, but the duration of the process of morphing can not be caused by the different factors such as the frequency of the occurrence, the frequency used and the like. One. Two, the morphing is a step-by-step process. In some stage, the language unit may be in the embryonic stage of the word-formation, it may also be the transition stage, it may be the word-forming stage, it is also possible to be the "word-to-word" stage, in general, the case-by-case analysis, can't take the almost however, it is not necessary to take a "rigidity" decision on this language unit, and stubbornly believe that it is not that one, deny it's transition, deny the development, duration of the language, The judgment of the language unit calls for the "flexibility", which is also based on the objective fact. Alternative. Three, the process of morphing is generally three stages: the coupling _ complex is _ word 4. The occurrence of the word formation is the cause of the occurrence, and is generally adjacent to the linear neighbor of the language unit, the frequency of use and the habit of the people, and so on.
【學位授予單位】：西南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H146

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