【摘要】：隱喻是歷史最悠久、運(yùn)用最普遍的修辭方式之一，也是人類語(yǔ)言表達(dá)的基本類型之一。關(guān)于隱喻的研究無(wú)論是在西方還是中國(guó)都有著悠久的歷史，在西方亞里士多德就已在他的著作Poetik中對(duì)隱喻進(jìn)行了闡述，而在中國(guó)早在先秦時(shí)期就有了對(duì)隱喻的研究。但是長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，在傳統(tǒng)理論中隱喻僅僅被看作一種修辭手法，直到上世紀(jì)美國(guó)語(yǔ)言學(xué)家George P. Lakoff和哲學(xué)家Mark Johnson提出“概念隱喻”，將隱喻納入到認(rèn)知語(yǔ)言學(xué)的范疇進(jìn)行探討，為隱喻研究提供了新的思路。Lakoff和Johnson將概念隱喻分為三大類，，按照他們的觀點(diǎn)，概念隱喻和人們的認(rèn)知有極大的關(guān)系，人類語(yǔ)言中約有三分之二屬于隱喻。由此可見(jiàn)，我們生活的環(huán)境使用的語(yǔ)言中充滿了隱喻，與我們息息相關(guān)，是認(rèn)識(shí)世界和語(yǔ)言發(fā)生變化的重要手段之一，在語(yǔ)言和認(rèn)知之間起到了重要的橋梁作用，對(duì)隱喻的研究是了解人類思維的窗口。 本文中將主要以Lakoff和Johnson的理論為指導(dǎo)，在論文中將主要按照Lakoff和Johnson劃分的三類概念隱喻類型（結(jié)構(gòu)隱喻、方位隱喻、本體隱喻），通過(guò)實(shí)例就中文和德語(yǔ)中相關(guān)隱喻進(jìn)行比較，并就其相似性和差異性及原因從認(rèn)知角度——具體從兩個(gè)語(yǔ)言使用人群的歷史、宗教、風(fēng)俗、地理環(huán)境、哲學(xué)思想、社會(huì)規(guī)約等方面的影響——進(jìn)行挖掘和研究，從而對(duì)Lakoff及Johnson的概念隱喻理論在德語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)中的適用性進(jìn)行論證。 隱喻是人們認(rèn)識(shí)世界、建構(gòu)知識(shí)的工具,它是一種心理的遷移,是人們?cè)谛睦砩嫌墒及l(fā)認(rèn)知域向目標(biāo)認(rèn)知域的一種映射。因此隱喻本體和喻體的選擇和匹配既是語(yǔ)言形式,又是概念模式,更是文化模式。論文中對(duì)兩種語(yǔ)言中隱喻的差異性及相同（似）性原因的分析也是對(duì)兩個(gè)不同語(yǔ)言群體社會(huì)歷史文化的研究和挖掘，對(duì)跨文化研究也有相當(dāng)意義。而且通過(guò)隱喻對(duì)比分析，了解其所反映的不同語(yǔ)言使用群體認(rèn)知模式的異同，對(duì)于不同語(yǔ)言中隱喻的理解和應(yīng)用以及德語(yǔ)教學(xué)都具有參考價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:Metaphor is one of the oldest and most widely used rhetorical devices, and is also one of the basic types of human language expression. The study of metaphor has a long history both in the West and in China. In the West Aristotle has expounded metaphor in his book Poetik, while in China there has been a study of metaphor as early as the pre-Qin Dynasty. However, metaphor has long been regarded as a rhetorical device in traditional theories, until the American linguist George P. Lakoff and philosopher Mark Johnson put forward "conceptual metaphor" in the last century, and put metaphor into the category of cognitive linguistics. Lakoff and Johnson divide conceptual metaphor into three categories. According to their view, conceptual metaphor has a great relationship with people's cognition, and about 2/3 of human languages belong to metaphor. It can be seen that the language used in the environment in which we live is full of metaphors, closely related to us, is one of the important means of understanding the world and language changes, and plays an important role as a bridge between language and cognition. The study of metaphor is a window for understanding human thinking. Under the guidance of the theories of Lakoff and Johnson, the thesis will compare the related metaphors in Chinese and German according to the three types of conceptual metaphors (structural metaphor, orientation metaphor, Noumenon metaphor) classified by Lakoff and Johnson. The similarities, differences and reasons are explored and studied from the perspective of cognition-specifically from the aspects of history, religion, customs, geographical environment, philosophical thought, social norms, etc., of the people who use the two languages. Thus, the applicability of Lakoff and Johnson's theory of conceptual metaphor in German and Chinese is demonstrated. Metaphor is a tool for people to know the world and construct knowledge. It is a kind of psychological transfer, and it is a kind of mapping from the original cognitive domain to the target cognitive domain. Therefore, the choice and matching of metaphorical Noumenon and metaphorical object is not only a linguistic form, but also a conceptual model and a cultural model. The analysis of the differences of metaphors and the same (similar) causes of metaphor in the two languages is also a study and excavation of the social history and culture of two different linguistic groups, which is also of considerable significance to cross-cultural studies. Through the contrastive analysis of metaphors, we can find out the similarities and differences of the cognitive patterns of different language use groups, which is valuable for the understanding and application of metaphors in different languages as well as the teaching of German.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：H33;H136

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