【摘要】：緊縮是現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)中普遍存在的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象,為了表義的清晰和語(yǔ)言的經(jīng)濟(jì),越來(lái)越多的復(fù)句出現(xiàn)了緊縮現(xiàn)象,其中條件句的緊縮現(xiàn)象最為普遍�！罢l(shuí)A誰(shuí)B”緊縮構(gòu)式是一個(gè)常見的條件緊縮構(gòu)式,一般用于說話者給出假定的預(yù)設(shè)和情景,使說話者在具備激活情景條件或處于激活條件的狀態(tài)下享有某種權(quán)利或承擔(dān)某種后果,從而達(dá)到鼓勵(lì)或警示的作用。 本文也將以構(gòu)式語(yǔ)法為理論基礎(chǔ),并結(jié)合認(rèn)知語(yǔ)法,對(duì)緊縮構(gòu)式“誰(shuí)A誰(shuí)B”進(jìn)行較為全面的研究。“誰(shuí)A誰(shuí)B”構(gòu)式是表倚變關(guān)系的充分條件構(gòu)式,表達(dá)一個(gè)未然事件。當(dāng)某個(gè)范圍內(nèi)的人發(fā)出某個(gè)動(dòng)作或處于某個(gè)狀態(tài)時(shí),這個(gè)人將處于另一個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。因此該構(gòu)式的條件義對(duì)于變量A、B的選擇導(dǎo)致只有表示動(dòng)作性狀發(fā)生變化的謂詞或謂詞性結(jié)構(gòu)才能進(jìn)入該構(gòu)式。同時(shí),根據(jù)構(gòu)式理論,“誰(shuí)A誰(shuí)B”構(gòu)式是一個(gè)抽象圖式構(gòu)式,表達(dá)抽象條件事件,允準(zhǔn)表倚變的疑問代詞“誰(shuí)”,A和B由其他構(gòu)式允準(zhǔn)。其次,鑒于構(gòu)式是基于運(yùn)用的語(yǔ)言單位,我們認(rèn)為構(gòu)式是在語(yǔ)用過程中形成的,其語(yǔ)用動(dòng)因是經(jīng)濟(jì)性,語(yǔ)用預(yù)設(shè)是說話人通過條件假設(shè)情景表達(dá)自己的態(tài)度,語(yǔ)用焦點(diǎn)在于“誰(shuí)A”表達(dá)的條件義,篇章功能在于對(duì)上下文的銜接和對(duì)語(yǔ)體的選擇。再次,該構(gòu)式的形成離不開認(rèn)知分析,“誰(shuí)A誰(shuí)B”構(gòu)式的認(rèn)知?jiǎng)右蚴菍?duì)于條件的凸顯以及人類的完形心理,并概括了該構(gòu)式所隱含的三種認(rèn)知圖式：填補(bǔ)缺失、倚變?cè)隽亢涂吵哂�；認(rèn)為“誰(shuí)A誰(shuí)B”構(gòu)式的形成離不開歷時(shí)的發(fā)展,疑問代詞“誰(shuí)”的虛化和復(fù)句的緊縮過程都是該構(gòu)式的形成原因,認(rèn)為疑問代詞“誰(shuí)”的復(fù)用所組構(gòu)的條件構(gòu)式形成過程可以歸納為該類緊縮的一個(gè)范式。
[Abstract]:Austerity is a common language phenomenon in modern Chinese. For the sake of clarity of meaning and economy of language, more and more complex sentences appear austerity phenomenon, among which the contraction of conditional sentences is the most common. The "who A who B" compact structure is a common conditional contraction construct that is generally used by speakers to give presuppositions and scenarios. In order to encourage or warn the speaker, the speaker can enjoy certain rights or bear certain consequences under the condition of activating the situation or being in the condition of activation. On the basis of Constructional Grammar and Cognitive Grammar, this paper makes a comprehensive study of "who is A and B" of Contractive Construction. The "who A, who B" structure is a sufficient conditional construct of the relation between the biases and changes, and expresses an unsolved event. When a person in a range issues an action or is in a state, that person is in another action or state. Therefore, the conditional meaning of the construct for the variable A, B leads to only the predicate or predicate structure which represents the change of the action character can enter the construct. At the same time, according to the construction theory, the construction of "who A who B" is an abstract schema structure, expressing abstract conditional events, the question pronoun "who" which is allowed to change, A and B are allowed by other constructions. Secondly, since the construction is based on the use of the linguistic unit, we believe that the construction is formed in the pragmatic process, its pragmatic motivation is economic, pragmatic presupposition is the speaker through conditional assumptions to express their attitude; The pragmatic focus is on the conditional meaning of "who A", and the textual function lies in the cohesion of the context and the choice of the style. Thirdly, the formation of the construct is inseparable from cognitive analysis. The cognitive motivation of the "who A who B" construct is to highlight the conditions and the complete psychology of the human being, and generalize the three cognitive schemata implied by the construct: filling the missing. Dependent increment and elimination of redundancy; The author thinks that the formation of "who A who B" is inseparable from the development of diachronic development, the hypotheses of the interrogative pronoun "who" and the retrenchment process of complex sentences are the reasons for the formation of the construction. It is concluded that the formation process of the conditional structure of the reuse of the interrogative pronoun "who" can be summed up as a normal form of this kind of contraction.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：H146

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