【摘要】：非洲大陸是一片特別的大陸，這是由于在這塊陸地上的很多國家都有著一段不同尋常的發(fā)展之路。這片大陸曾被西方殖民者統(tǒng)治了數(shù)百年時(shí)間，直到上個(gè)世紀(jì)才得以解放。二戰(zhàn)以后，隨著西方統(tǒng)治體系的紛紛瓦解，包括尼日利亞在內(nèi)的眾多的非洲國家紛紛獨(dú)立，并開始了漫長的民族國家建設(shè)進(jìn)程。 然而，非洲國家的民族國家建設(shè)更為艱難。這是由于戰(zhàn)后建立起來的這些非洲國家基本上都是在西方殖民者任意肢解與分割而成的殖民地框架內(nèi)建立的。國家內(nèi)的各族群之間沒有共同的歸屬感和身份認(rèn)同感。也就是說，這些國家的產(chǎn)生先于民族的形成。因此，如何建立起同一的歸屬感和國家層面的共同體，以促進(jìn)民族國家的建設(shè)，是包括尼日利亞在內(nèi)的很多非洲國家所面臨的難題。同時(shí)，語言在這種建設(shè)過程中所發(fā)揮的作用是無可替代的。而尼日利亞，作為一個(gè)民族眾多的多語國家，語言問題顯得尤為敏感和棘手。 尼日利亞只比美國德克薩斯州的三分之一大一點(diǎn)，卻擁有超過250個(gè)民族的1.6億多人口。而本土語言總數(shù)超過了500種。此外，由于歷史和地理原因，英語、皮欽英語、法語、阿拉伯語在尼日利亞也很流行。面對如此復(fù)雜的語言狀況，要制定出讓尼日利亞民眾滿意的語言政策市一項(xiàng)艱巨的任務(wù)。 本文的研究置于尼日利亞的語言現(xiàn)狀和語言政策上。討論的內(nèi)容主要集中在：尼日利亞的語言現(xiàn)狀是什么？現(xiàn)在尼日利亞的語言政策有哪些？人們對于這樣的語言政策持什么態(tài)度？有沒有可以解決尼日利亞國語問題的語言方案？ 經(jīng)過細(xì)致的討論之后，本文發(fā)現(xiàn)：第一，尼日利亞的語言現(xiàn)狀非常復(fù)雜；第二，尼日利亞現(xiàn)有的語言政策并不完全適合這個(gè)國家，并且這樣的語言政策受到了那些操少數(shù)名族語言的民眾的反對；第三，沒有一種方案能夠完美地解決尼日利亞國語問題，其目標(biāo)和最終的結(jié)果取決于執(zhí)政當(dāng)局追求的是什么政策，，同時(shí)也取決于其余那些影響民眾語言選擇的條件。
[Abstract]:The African continent is a special continent because many countries on this land have an unusual path of development. The continent was ruled by Western colonists for hundreds of years and was not liberated until the last century. After World War II, many African countries, including Nigeria, became independent and began a long process of nation-state construction with the collapse of the western ruling system. However, the nation-state construction of African countries is more difficult. This was due to the fact that the African countries established after the war were basically built within the colonial framework of arbitrary dismemberment and division by the Western colonists. There is no common sense of belonging and identity among ethnic groups within the country. In other words, the emergence of these countries predates the formation of the nation. Therefore, it is a difficult problem for many African countries, including Nigeria, to establish a community with the same sense of belonging and national level in order to promote the construction of nation-state. At the same time, language plays an irreplaceable role in this construction process. Nigeria, as a multilingual country with a large number of ethnic groups, is particularly sensitive and intractable in terms of language issues. Nigeria is just 1/3 more than Texas and has more than 160 million people of more than 250 nationalities. The total number of native languages exceeds 500. In addition, due to historical and geographical reasons, English, Picin English, French, Arabic are also very popular in Nigeria. Faced with such a complex language situation, the formulation of a language policy city to satisfy Nigerians is a difficult task. This paper focuses on Nigeria's current language situation and language policy. The main focus of the discussion is: what is the current state of language in Nigeria? What are Nigeria's language policies now? What is people's attitude towards such a language policy? Is there a language solution to the Nigerian national language problem? After careful discussion, this paper finds: firstly, the current situation of language in Nigeria is very complex; Second, Nigeria's current language policy is not entirely suitable for the country, and such a policy has been opposed by people who speak minority languages; Third, there is no perfect solution to the Nigerian national language problem. Its objectives and final outcome depend on what policy the governing authorities pursue and on the rest of the conditions that affect the people's language choices.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H002

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