【摘要】：反義詞的使用集中體現(xiàn)了語(yǔ)言使用的不對(duì)稱性,對(duì)反義詞標(biāo)記現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行形式和意義上的分析,能找出詞語(yǔ)標(biāo)記性的判別共同標(biāo)準(zhǔn)�！罢妗薄凹佟边@對(duì)反義詞在我們生活中很常見(jiàn),迄今為止還沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)對(duì)該組反義詞進(jìn)行的專門研究。本文在標(biāo)記理論和認(rèn)知語(yǔ)言學(xué)原理的基礎(chǔ)上,選取“真”“假”這組反義詞作為研究對(duì)象,從語(yǔ)義歷時(shí)發(fā)展、語(yǔ)義共時(shí)分布等角度考察“真”“假”反義詞組有/無(wú)標(biāo)記項(xiàng)是否存在不對(duì)稱及其不對(duì)稱的表現(xiàn)形式,并嘗試用標(biāo)記理論對(duì)所發(fā)現(xiàn)的不對(duì)稱現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行解釋,最后對(duì)造成反義詞不對(duì)稱的標(biāo)記理論以外的原因(主要是從“顯語(yǔ)言與潛語(yǔ)言”角度)進(jìn)行探析。 本文的主要內(nèi)容包括以下幾個(gè)部分： 第一部分：引論。這部分主要介紹相關(guān)問(wèn)題的研究狀況；“真”“假”的研究綜述；本論文的研究目的、語(yǔ)料來(lái)源及研究方法。 第二部分：“真”“假”的歷史溯源及其在語(yǔ)義演變層面的不對(duì)稱。分別追溯“真”“假”的語(yǔ)義演變,并得出“真”“假”產(chǎn)生的時(shí)間不對(duì)稱,語(yǔ)義引申的時(shí)間不對(duì)稱,語(yǔ)義演變具體方式不對(duì)稱,語(yǔ)義感情色彩變化不對(duì)稱等結(jié)論。 第三部分：“真”“假”在詞匯層面的不對(duì)稱。在詞匯方面,主要是進(jìn)行共時(shí)的描寫和解釋。從“真”“假”義項(xiàng)、構(gòu)詞數(shù)量、構(gòu)詞形式和使用頻率等方面來(lái)進(jìn)行分析,得出“真”“假”及其所構(gòu)詞在詞匯層面的總體特點(diǎn)是不對(duì)稱性占主要。 第四部分：“真”“假”在句法層面的不對(duì)稱。從句法層面來(lái)考察“真”“假”分別和名詞、程度副詞、否定詞“不”搭配使用的情況,在跟名詞、程度副詞搭配時(shí)“真／假”在句子中的句法功能大體上是一致的,但在和這些詞搭配時(shí)卻都呈現(xiàn)出不同程度的不對(duì)稱,比如“真”和“假”在作為形容詞使用時(shí)都能和一些具體名詞和抽象名詞搭配,但“真”與名詞的搭配能力卻弱于“假”；“真/假”都能與程度副詞搭配,但依舊是“假”的搭配能力強(qiáng)于“真”。另外“真”“假”與否定詞“不”搭配時(shí),“假”出現(xiàn)的環(huán)境遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)多于“真”。這些都是反義詞不對(duì)稱中的特殊現(xiàn)象。本章就結(jié)合實(shí)例具體描寫“真/假”與以上幾種詞語(yǔ)搭配時(shí)的不對(duì)稱現(xiàn)象。 第五部分：“真”“假”不對(duì)稱的特殊性及反義詞不對(duì)稱性的原因探究�！罢�/假”不對(duì)稱的特殊性結(jié)論的得出,是與沈家煊歸納的反義詞使用共性相比較而言的,然后再對(duì)“真/假”不對(duì)稱的特殊性進(jìn)行解釋,反義詞不對(duì)稱的原因探究主要是在已有著作所給出結(jié)論的基礎(chǔ)上,嘗試從“顯性和潛性角度”來(lái)予以解釋。
[Abstract]:The use of antonyms mainly reflects the asymmetry of language use. By analyzing the phenomenon of antonym markers in form and meaning, we can find out the common criteria for discriminating the tagging of words. The antonym "true" and "false" are very common in our life, so far there is no special research on this group of antonyms. Based on the theory of markers and cognitive linguistics, this paper chooses the antonyms "true" and "false" as the object of study, and develops from semantic diachronic perspective. From the angle of semantic synchronic distribution, this paper investigates whether there is asymmetry or not in the antisense phrase of "true" and "false", and attempts to explain the asymmetry phenomenon by using the marker theory, and makes an attempt to explain the asymmetries found in the "true" and "false" anti-sense phrases as well as their asymmetries. Finally, the causes (mainly from the perspective of explicit language and latent language), which cause asymmetry of antonyms, are analyzed. The main contents of this paper include the following parts: the first part: introduction. This part mainly introduces the research status of related problems, the research summary of "true" and "false", the purpose of this thesis, the source of corpus and the research methods. The second part: the historical origin of "true" and "false" and its asymmetry in semantic evolution. This paper traces the semantic evolution of "true" and "false" respectively, and draws the conclusion that "true" false "produces time asymmetry, semantic extension time asymmetry, semantic evolution concrete way asymmetry, semantic emotion color change asymmetry and so on. The third part: the asymmetry of "true" and "false" in lexical level. In the aspect of vocabulary, mainly carries on synchronic description and explanation. This paper analyzes the meaning of "true" and "false" from the aspects of "true", "false", the number of word-formation, the form of word-formation and the frequency of use, and draws the conclusion that the general characteristic of "true" and "false" and its constructed words at the lexical level is asymmetry. The fourth part: the asymmetry of "true" and "false" in syntactic level. From the syntactic level, the use of "true" and "false" with noun, degree adverb and negative word "no" is basically the same as the syntactic function of "true" and "false" in sentence when collocation with noun and degree adverb. However, when they are used as adjectives, "true" and "false" can be used with some specific nouns and abstract nouns, but the collocation ability of "true" and "nouns" is weaker than that of "false" when they are used with these words to a different degree, for example, "truth" and "false" can be used as adjectives to match with some specific nouns and abstract nouns. True / false can match with degree adverbs, but the collocation ability of false is better than true. In addition, when "true" and "false" define "no", the environment of "false" appears far more than that of "true". These are special phenomena in the asymmetry of antonyms. This chapter describes the asymmetry between "true and false" and the above words. Part V: the particularity of the asymmetry of "true" and "false" and the cause of asymmetry of antonym. The conclusion of the particularity of "true / false" asymmetry is compared with the common usage of antonyms induced by Shen Jiaxuan, and then the particularity of "true / false" asymmetry is explained. The reason for the asymmetry of antonyms is to try to explain it from the perspective of "dominance and potentiality" on the basis of the conclusions given in the previous works.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：云南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：H136.2

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本文編號(hào)：2435365