【摘要】：近年來，名詞謂語句這種簡單而又特殊的漢語句型引起了學(xué)者們的興趣，并且成為漢語研究的一個(gè)熱點(diǎn)話題。前賢及時(shí)賢對名詞性謂語句進(jìn)行了大量的描寫，但對于像名詞性謂語句的形成途徑及其機(jī)制這種關(guān)鍵性問題的研究仍然比較欠缺，尤其是從認(rèn)知角度的研究，以致一些學(xué)者將幾類從語言感知的角度來說差異很大的句子看成是同質(zhì)的名詞性謂語句�？梢姡瑢γ~性謂語句的形成途徑及其機(jī)制進(jìn)行深入研究十分必要。 本文在歸納總結(jié)前人對于名詞謂語句研究的基礎(chǔ)上，對名詞謂語句的語義特點(diǎn)與形成從認(rèn)知方面作了進(jìn)一步的解釋與說明。名詞謂語句所展現(xiàn)的特點(diǎn)有：1.名詞謂語圍繞主語進(jìn)行說明與描述；2.名詞謂語在語義上都表現(xiàn)出了一定的層次性，這一層次性使得心里掃描以及順序義成為可能。在名詞謂語句的語義構(gòu)成上，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，名詞謂語句的主語和謂語在語義上呈現(xiàn)出側(cè)面和基底的關(guān)系。無論一個(gè)什么個(gè)體，它總是與其他事物相聯(lián)系的，并且總是具有自己的特點(diǎn)。名詞謂語句中的主語也是這樣。這一特點(diǎn)使得主語往往作為謂語所要表達(dá)內(nèi)容的一個(gè)基底。我們以主語為中心，描述關(guān)于主語的不同方面的內(nèi)容就是我們所要突出的方面。名詞謂語句，就其凸顯的語義關(guān)系來說，可以分為關(guān)系類，性狀類和行為類。每一類突出了主語所指事物不同方面的特點(diǎn)。那么到底是什么樣的原因影響了名詞謂語句的形成？為什么不是所有名詞都可以作謂語？根據(jù)名詞謂語句謂詞的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)，本文采用非范疇化理論來解釋名詞作謂語的現(xiàn)象。有些名詞具有極強(qiáng)的描述性意義，，本身就能夠充當(dāng)謂語，比如數(shù)量結(jié)構(gòu)的名詞；有些名詞借助其他謂詞性結(jié)構(gòu)或語境從而具有描述性意義，能夠充當(dāng)謂語。 本文的研究成果，為進(jìn)一步研究名詞性謂語句的形成途徑及其機(jī)制奠定了基礎(chǔ)，對名詞性謂語句的類型學(xué)研究以及語言普遍規(guī)律研究有一定的借鑒意義，并且對人們有意識(shí)地掌握富有表現(xiàn)力的名詞性謂語句有現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。
[Abstract]:In recent years, noun-predicate sentence, a simple and special Chinese sentence pattern, has aroused the interest of scholars, and has become a hot topic in Chinese research. The former sages did a great deal of description to the nominal predicate sentence in time, but the research on the key problems such as the formation way and the mechanism of the nominal predicate sentence is still lacking, especially from the cognitive point of view. As a result, some scholars regard several kinds of sentences which differ greatly from the perspective of language perception as homogenous nominal predicate sentences. Therefore, it is necessary to study the formation and mechanism of nominal predicate sentence. On the basis of summarizing the previous researches on noun predicate sentence, this paper gives a further explanation and explanation on the semantic characteristics and formation of noun predicate sentence from the perspective of cognition. The features of noun-predicate statements are as follows: 1. Noun predicates are described and described around the subject; 2. Noun predicates all show a certain level in semantics, which makes it possible to scan and arrange the meaning of nouns. In terms of semantic composition of noun-predicate sentence, we find that the subject and predicate of noun-predicate sentence have a semantic relationship between side and base. No matter what individual, it is always associated with other things, and always has its own characteristics. The same is true of subjects in noun-predicate statements. This feature makes the subject often serve as a base for the content to be expressed by the predicate. We focus on the subject, describing the different aspects of the subject is what we want to highlight. Noun-predicate sentence can be divided into relation class, character class and behavior class as far as its prominent semantic relationship is concerned. Each class highlights the characteristics of different aspects of the subject. So what is the reason that affects the formation of noun-predicate sentence? Why can't all nouns be predicates? According to the structure characteristics of predicate of noun predicate, this paper uses the theory of non-categorization to explain the phenomenon of noun as predicate. Some nouns have very strong descriptive meaning and can act as predicates, such as quantitative structure nouns, and some nouns can act as predicates by virtue of other predicate structures or contexts. The research results of this paper have laid a foundation for further research on the formation and mechanism of nominal predicate sentences, and have certain reference significance to the typology research of nominal predicate sentences and the study of general rules of language. And it has practical significance for people to grasp the expressive nominal predicate sentence consciously.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H146

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