發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-02-20 19:42

【摘要】：漢語(yǔ)中存在豐富的個(gè)體量詞,個(gè)體量詞與名詞的恰當(dāng)搭配能夠精準(zhǔn)地表達(dá)出語(yǔ)義信息和說話人的主觀情感色彩。本文討論了近年來(lái)在網(wǎng)絡(luò)語(yǔ)言與日�？谡Z(yǔ)中出現(xiàn)的許多新興的指人名詞與個(gè)體量詞的搭配。我們?cè)谑占恼Z(yǔ)料的基礎(chǔ)上,歸納出了指人名詞與個(gè)體量詞新興搭配的類型,根據(jù)所用個(gè)體量詞的不同,分為“枚”類、“只”類、“朵”類、“坨”類、“款”類。接著本文隨機(jī)選取了46位被試者填寫問卷進(jìn)行了語(yǔ)言態(tài)度的調(diào)查,回收到40份有效問卷,用SPSS軟件對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了統(tǒng)計(jì)與分析,得到了現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中人們對(duì)這一變異現(xiàn)象的語(yǔ)言態(tài)度,即被試者對(duì)不同個(gè)體量詞與指人名詞所組合的新興搭配的接受度呈現(xiàn)出梯度,且認(rèn)為新興搭配能表現(xiàn)出較常規(guī)搭配更強(qiáng)烈的主觀情感傾向。通過對(duì)新興搭配與常規(guī)搭配的比較,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)新興搭配與常規(guī)搭配都存在“一名多量”現(xiàn)象,即同一個(gè)指人名詞可以與多個(gè)量詞進(jìn)行搭配；在“一名多量”的基礎(chǔ)上,兩組量詞與指人名詞組合時(shí)所能搭配的范圍都呈現(xiàn)一定的梯度；同時(shí),新興搭配與常規(guī)搭配在格式、搭配范圍、數(shù)詞使用、語(yǔ)義特征等方面也存在不同。本文還探析了新興搭配的來(lái)源：指人名詞與個(gè)體量詞的新興搭配既吸取了量詞在歷時(shí)發(fā)展中的用法,也吸收了地域方言中個(gè)體量詞的用法,同時(shí)還借鑒了文學(xué)語(yǔ)言中名量超常搭配的方法,表達(dá)出了特定的修辭效果與感情色彩。最后,本文分別從語(yǔ)言的內(nèi)部和外部解釋了新興搭配產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)因,并從量詞在歷時(shí)發(fā)展與共時(shí)地域分布中的地位、量詞本身的語(yǔ)義虛化程度和所搭配名詞生命度的差異等角度解釋了新興搭配中不同量詞搭配范圍呈現(xiàn)梯度的現(xiàn)象。本文分七章來(lái)討論上述的問題。第一章為緒論；第二章為前人的研究及其存在問題；第三章至第六章是文章的主體部分,分別考察了新興搭配的類型、實(shí)證探究了新興名量搭配的接受度與褒貶情感傾向、比較了新興搭配與常規(guī)搭配的異同、探析了新興搭配的來(lái)源和解釋了量詞搭配范圍呈現(xiàn)梯度的現(xiàn)象；第七章為本文的結(jié)語(yǔ)。
[Abstract]:There are abundant individual classifiers in Chinese. The proper collocation of individual classifiers and nouns can accurately express semantic information and the subjective emotion of the speaker. This paper discusses the collocation of many new human nouns and individual classifiers that have emerged in network language and daily spoken language in recent years. On the basis of the collected corpus, we conclude the types of new collocation between human nouns and individual classifiers. According to the differences of individual classifiers, we can divide them into "Mei" category, "only" class, "dot" class, "Tuo" class and "section" type. Then, 46 subjects were randomly selected to fill out the questionnaire, and 40 valid questionnaires were collected, and the data were analyzed with SPSS software. The linguistic attitudes of people towards this phenomenon in real life are obtained, that is, the acceptance degree of the new collocations of different individual quantifiers and human nouns shows a gradient. It is believed that the emerging collocation can show a stronger subjective emotional tendency than the conventional collocation. By comparing the new collocation with the conventional collocation, we find that both the new collocation and the conventional collocation have the phenomenon of "one multiple quantity", that is, the same person noun can be collocated with multiple quantifiers; On the basis of "one person with many quantities", the range of collocation between the two groups of quantifiers and human nouns shows a certain gradient; At the same time, there are differences between new collocation and conventional collocation in format, collocation range, numerals usage, semantic features and so on. This paper also explores the source of emerging collocation: the new collocation of human nouns and individual classifiers not only absorbs the usage of quantifiers in diachronic development, but also the usage of individual classifiers in regional dialects. At the same time, it draws lessons from the method of supernormal collocation of name and quantity in literary language, and expresses the specific rhetorical effect and emotional color. Finally, this paper explains the causes of emerging collocation from the internal and external aspects of language, and discusses the role of quantifiers in diachronic development and synchronic regional distribution. The semantic vacuity of classifier itself and the difference of life degree of collocation nouns explain the gradient phenomenon of collocation range of different classifiers in new collocation. This paper is divided into seven chapters to discuss the above problems. The first chapter is the introduction, the second chapter is the predecessor's research and the existence question; The third to sixth chapters are the main part of the article, which examines the types of emerging collocations, empirically explores the acceptance degree and emotional tendency of newly developed collocations, and compares the similarities and differences between emerging collocations and conventional collocations. This paper probes into the source of new collocation and explains the phenomenon that the collocation range of classifier presents gradient. The seventh chapter is the conclusion of this paper.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：H146

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