【摘要】：在語言學(xué)領(lǐng)域,比較作為認(rèn)識事物的方法被廣泛使用。在對兩個或者兩個以上事物的優(yōu)劣及上下進(jìn)行比較時,經(jīng)常使用比較句這一句式。然而,同樣是表示比較的概念,反映到不同的語言中多少都會有差異。日語中,表比較的句式是以“より”為標(biāo)記的比較句,漢語中典型的比較句以“比”為標(biāo)記。在漢語和日語中,人們?yōu)榱耸棺约旱南敕ū磉_(dá)的更加豐富且精煉,經(jīng)常使用省略這一形式。在用比較句把自己的想法傳達(dá)給他人時,經(jīng)常省略比較句的一部分。比較句的省略對于母語者而言很正常,對于非母語學(xué)習(xí)者來說卻很難掌握。日語的比較句和漢語的比較句看似相同,但是隨著日語學(xué)習(xí)的不斷深入,會發(fā)現(xiàn)漢語和日語中比較句的很多不同點。尤其是掌握比較句的省略問題非常困難。那么,比較句的省略在漢語和日語中是如何體現(xiàn)的,比較句的比較要素是怎樣省略的,影響省略的因素有哪些呢。本稿通過解決以上問題,以探明漢語和日語兩種語言中比較句的異同。本稿以日語的“より”比較句和漢語的“比”比較句為研究對象,在先行研究的基礎(chǔ)上,通過日常生活中的實例分析明確漢日兩語比較句的異同。通過對照研究,主要得出以下結(jié)論:一,“より”比較句和“比”比較句成立必須滿足三個條件。首先,應(yīng)該滿足一般比較句的成立條件。接著,省略后的句子必須和原句意思相同。最后,有需要時,省略后的句式可以還原成原句的句型。二,比較句的比較成分省略,不僅是比較后項可以省略,比較前項也可以省略。比較前項省略時,“より”比較句一般不省略。漢語中比較前項省略的情況有很多,比較前項“N_1的N”可以替換成“N_1的”或“N_1”。三,在比較后項的省略中,日語和漢語一樣都有三種省略型。比較后項的“N_2+的·の+N”可以省略成“N_2+的·の”,“N_2”或者“N_2+的·の”和“N_2”的形式。不過,并不能說明漢語中比較后項的省略和日語中比較后項的省略完全相同。在哪種情況下會省略成哪種類型有很多的制約要素。“N_1”與“N_2”的語義關(guān)系對省略有很大的影響。四,比較主題的位置相對比較自由。比較主題出現(xiàn)在比較謂語位置和隱藏的情況,“より”比較句和“比”比較句是一樣的。另外,由于漢語是獨(dú)立語,比較主題還可以放在句首位置。
[Abstract]:In the field of linguistics, comparison is widely used as a way to understand things. When comparing the merits and demerits of two or more things, the comparative sentence is often used. However, the same concept of comparison, reflected in different languages, there will be a number of differences. In Japanese, the sentence structure of table comparison is a comparative sentence marked by "Li", while the typical comparative sentence in Chinese is marked by "bi". In both Chinese and Japanese, ellipsis is often used in order to enrich and refine the expression of one's ideas. When communicating one's own thoughts to others in a comparative sentence, one part of the comparative sentence is often omitted. The ellipsis of comparative sentences is normal for native speakers, but difficult for non-native language learners. Japanese comparative sentences and Chinese comparative sentences seem to be the same, but with the deepening of Japanese learning, we will find many differences between Chinese and Japanese comparative sentences. In particular, it is very difficult to grasp the ellipsis of comparative sentences. So, how the ellipsis of comparative sentences is reflected in Chinese and Japanese, how the comparative elements of comparative sentences are omitted, and what are the factors affecting ellipsis. In order to find out the similarities and differences of comparative sentences in Chinese and Japanese by solving the above problems. Based on the comparative sentences in Japanese and Chinese, the similarities and differences between Chinese and Chinese comparative sentences are analyzed through examples in daily life. The main conclusions are as follows: first, the comparison sentence and the comparative sentence must meet three conditions. First of all, we should satisfy the conditions for the establishment of general comparative sentences. Then, the omitted sentence must have the same meaning as the original sentence. Finally, if necessary, the omitted sentence pattern can be restored to the original sentence pattern. Second, the comparative element ellipsis of the comparative sentence, not only the comparison of the latter term can be omitted, the comparison of the preceding item can also be omitted. When comparing the ellipsis of the preceding paragraph, the comparative sentence is generally not omitted. In Chinese, there are many cases of omitting the preceding item. In comparison with the preceding item, "N of Ns 1" can be replaced with "Ns 1" or "NSP 1". Third, there are three ellipses in Japanese and Chinese. The latter term "N" can be omitted as "Ns _ 2", "N _ s _ 2" or "N _ s _ 2" and "N _ s _ 2". However, it does not mean that the ellipsis of the comparative term in Chinese is exactly the same as the ellipsis in Japanese. In which case there are many constraints on which type will be omitted. The semantic relationship between "N _ S _ 1" and "N _ T _ 2" has a great influence on ellipsis. Fourth, the position of the comparative theme is relatively free. The comparison theme appears in the comparison predicate position and the hidden situation, the comparison sentence and the comparison sentence are the same. In addition, since Chinese is an independent language, the comparative theme can also be placed at the beginning of the sentence.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：H146.3;H36

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