漢語“得”字結(jié)果式的句法研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-01-08 12:16
【摘要】：本文在最簡方案的框架下研究“得”的性質(zhì)，探討不同“得”字結(jié)果式的句法特征及派生過程�！暗谩弊纸Y(jié)果式中存在兩個“得”。一個為表狀態(tài)變化的輕動詞v（BECOME），一個為表致使的輕動詞v*（CAUSE）。兩者發(fā)音相同，均為詞綴式輕動詞，具有強[V]特征，吸引主要謂詞移到輕動詞處核查此特征�！暗肂ECOME”缺少完整的-特征，無法進行格特征的核查，也缺乏外部論元，不是語段中心語，具有EPP特征�！暗肅AUSE”具有完整的-特征，可以核查格特征，擁有外部論元，是語段中心語。依此，本文進一步分析四類“得”字結(jié)果式：作格，使動，及物和不及物。作格和使動結(jié)果式存在轉(zhuǎn)化關(guān)系，兩者均包含“得BECOME”。及物和不及物結(jié)果式包含“得CAUSE”，二者的區(qū)別之一在于及物結(jié)果式中存在由主要謂詞和結(jié)果小句共同允準(zhǔn)的賓語成分�！暗谩焙蠼Y(jié)果小句的主語可以為顯性名詞或PRO，結(jié)合“得”的性質(zhì)，可區(qū)分出控制結(jié)構(gòu)、例外授格結(jié)構(gòu)與限定小句結(jié)構(gòu)。四類結(jié)果式的結(jié)構(gòu)推導(dǎo)均由低至高分語段動態(tài)生成。首先從詞庫中選取所需要的詞項，形成詞匯矩陣以及詞匯次矩陣（語段）。句法選擇一個詞匯次矩陣，組成短語，窮盡該次矩陣的詞項后，該語段的推導(dǎo)結(jié)束，語段中心語的語域離開句法，傳送到語義和音韻部門獲得語義解讀和語音拼讀。然后進入下一語段的推導(dǎo)。此外，，本文討論NP1和NP2具有領(lǐng)屬關(guān)系的“得”字結(jié)果式，該類結(jié)果式可以是（派生）作格，可以是使動或是及物。最后，本文探討漢語“得”字結(jié)果式與英語結(jié)果式在直接賓語限制、題元等級及非賓格-使動轉(zhuǎn)換方面存在的差異。 本文在最簡方案的框架下對“得”以及“得”字結(jié)果式進行嘗試性的分析，既論證了“得”字結(jié)果式的生成機制，又檢驗了相關(guān)理論假設(shè)的概括性和解釋力。研究結(jié)果表明：所有語言的句法運算系統(tǒng)完全一樣，語言間的差異限制在詞庫中。
[Abstract]:In this paper, we study the properties of "de" in the framework of the simplest scheme, and discuss the syntactic characteristics and derivation process of the resultant forms of different "de" words. There are two "gains" in the result of the word "de". A light verb v (BECOME), for table state change and a light verb v * (CAUSE). For table causation Both have the same pronunciation and are affix light verbs with strong [V] characteristics, attracting the main predicates to be moved to the light verbs to check this feature. "de BECOME" lacks complete-features, can not be checked by case features, and lacks external arguments. It is not the head of a paragraph, but has EPP features. "de CAUSE" has complete-features, verifies case features, has external arguments, and is the head of a paragraph. According to this, this paper further analyzes the result of four kinds of word "get": making case, making action, transitivity and intransitivity. There is a transformation relationship between the lattice and the resultant formula, both of which contain "BECOME". Transitive and intransitive results contain "CAUSE". One of the differences between transitive and intransitive results is that there are object elements in transitive outcome which are permitted by the main predicate and the result clause. The subject of the result clause after "get" can be either a dominant noun or a combination of PRO, and "de", which can distinguish the control structure, the exception case structure and the limited clause structure. The structural derivation of the four kinds of result formulas is generated dynamically from low to high segment. A lexical matrix and a lexical submatrix are formed by selecting the necessary items from the lexicon. Syntax selects a lexical submatrix to form a phrase, and when the word items of the sub-matrix are exhausted, the derivation of the segment is completed, and the register of the segment head leaves the syntax and transmits to the semantic and phonological departments to obtain semantic interpretation and phonetic spelling. Then enter the derivation of the next paragraph. In addition, in this paper, we discuss the resultant formula of NP1 and NP2, which can be (derived), active or transitive. Finally, this paper discusses the differences between Chinese "de" and English "result" in terms of direct object restriction, topic level and unobjective-case transformation. In this paper, we try to analyze the results of "get" and "get" under the framework of the simplest scheme, which not only demonstrates the generating mechanism of the result of "de", but also tests the generality and explanatory power of relevant theoretical assumptions. The results show that the syntactic operation system of all languages is the same, and the differences between languages are restricted in lexicon.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H146
本文編號：2404580
[Abstract]:In this paper, we study the properties of "de" in the framework of the simplest scheme, and discuss the syntactic characteristics and derivation process of the resultant forms of different "de" words. There are two "gains" in the result of the word "de". A light verb v (BECOME), for table state change and a light verb v * (CAUSE). For table causation Both have the same pronunciation and are affix light verbs with strong [V] characteristics, attracting the main predicates to be moved to the light verbs to check this feature. "de BECOME" lacks complete-features, can not be checked by case features, and lacks external arguments. It is not the head of a paragraph, but has EPP features. "de CAUSE" has complete-features, verifies case features, has external arguments, and is the head of a paragraph. According to this, this paper further analyzes the result of four kinds of word "get": making case, making action, transitivity and intransitivity. There is a transformation relationship between the lattice and the resultant formula, both of which contain "BECOME". Transitive and intransitive results contain "CAUSE". One of the differences between transitive and intransitive results is that there are object elements in transitive outcome which are permitted by the main predicate and the result clause. The subject of the result clause after "get" can be either a dominant noun or a combination of PRO, and "de", which can distinguish the control structure, the exception case structure and the limited clause structure. The structural derivation of the four kinds of result formulas is generated dynamically from low to high segment. A lexical matrix and a lexical submatrix are formed by selecting the necessary items from the lexicon. Syntax selects a lexical submatrix to form a phrase, and when the word items of the sub-matrix are exhausted, the derivation of the segment is completed, and the register of the segment head leaves the syntax and transmits to the semantic and phonological departments to obtain semantic interpretation and phonetic spelling. Then enter the derivation of the next paragraph. In addition, in this paper, we discuss the resultant formula of NP1 and NP2, which can be (derived), active or transitive. Finally, this paper discusses the differences between Chinese "de" and English "result" in terms of direct object restriction, topic level and unobjective-case transformation. In this paper, we try to analyze the results of "get" and "get" under the framework of the simplest scheme, which not only demonstrates the generating mechanism of the result of "de", but also tests the generality and explanatory power of relevant theoretical assumptions. The results show that the syntactic operation system of all languages is the same, and the differences between languages are restricted in lexicon.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H146
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