【摘要】：清代是中國語言發(fā)展史上的一個(gè)重要時(shí)期，它是古代文言文的末端，是現(xiàn)代白話文產(chǎn)生的源頭。清代的筆記小說作為活躍在民間的一種廣為流傳的文體，它較為全面地反映了當(dāng)時(shí)語言的特點(diǎn)。其中，雙音詞的大量使用成為了這一時(shí)期語言的一個(gè)重要特征。分析清代筆記小說雙音詞，為我們認(rèn)識清代語言特點(diǎn)與發(fā)展趨勢奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。 本文旨在通過對清代筆記小說《子不語》中雙音詞的研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)清代雙音詞的結(jié)構(gòu)模式及其特點(diǎn)，探尋漢語詞匯發(fā)展的規(guī)律。研究中本文運(yùn)用統(tǒng)計(jì)分析、共時(shí)與歷時(shí)比較分析等方法，對《子不語》書中雙音詞數(shù)量、結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行分類統(tǒng)計(jì)，并根據(jù)詞義、語法等方面對其進(jìn)行劃分和分析，重點(diǎn)對雙音合成詞的詞性和結(jié)構(gòu)展開分析，并與歷代雙音詞行了對比，總結(jié)出《子不語》中雙音詞的概貌和特點(diǎn)。 本文分為六個(gè)部分： 第一部分主要介紹選題的緣由與《子不語》相關(guān)背景知識，對《子不語》內(nèi)容、作者、版本、研究現(xiàn)狀、研究方法和雙音詞的判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的進(jìn)行介紹。 第二部分分析《子不語》單純詞。根據(jù)單純詞內(nèi)部兩音節(jié)是否重疊將其分為重疊式單純詞和非重疊式單純詞。非重疊式單純詞根據(jù)詞語來源，分為連綿詞和音譯詞。連綿詞中，按照雙聲疊韻的語音特點(diǎn)，，將其分為雙聲連綿詞、疊韻連綿詞和非雙聲疊韻連綿詞。對這些單純詞進(jìn)行詞性和詞義分析。 第三部分對《子不語》雙音合成詞展開分析。根據(jù)合成詞兩語素間的意義和結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系，將其分為聯(lián)合式、偏正式、支配式、主謂式、補(bǔ)充式、附加式和重疊式七種。對上述七類雙音合成詞分別進(jìn)行詞性和詞義的分析。 第四部分對《子不語》雙音詞的語義進(jìn)行分析，通過對《子不語》雙音詞中十類語義場分析，并與現(xiàn)代漢語語義進(jìn)行對比，發(fā)現(xiàn)《子不語》雙音詞語義特點(diǎn)。 第五部分將《子不語》雙音詞與《西京雜記》、《北夢瑣言》進(jìn)行數(shù)量和結(jié)構(gòu)的對比，與現(xiàn)代漢語進(jìn)行語義的對比，總結(jié)歸納出《子不語》雙音詞在數(shù)量上逐漸增多、結(jié)構(gòu)上趨于固定，語義上逐漸接近現(xiàn)代漢語的特點(diǎn)。 第六部分是文章的結(jié)語。對全文進(jìn)行歸納并推測漢語發(fā)展趨勢。清代漢語言復(fù)音化趨勢明顯，單音詞數(shù)量減少，語義趨向于現(xiàn)代漢語。 通過本文的分析，希望能為語言學(xué)研究提供一點(diǎn)可以參考的資料。
[Abstract]:Qing Dynasty is an important period in the history of Chinese language development. It is the end of ancient classical Chinese and the source of modern vernacular writing. As a popular style of writing in the Qing Dynasty, the note-taking novels of the Qing Dynasty reflect the characteristics of the language at that time. Among them, the extensive use of bisyllabic words has become an important feature of language in this period. The analysis of dicyllabic words in the notebooks of Qing Dynasty lays a solid foundation for us to understand the language characteristics and development trend of Qing Dynasty. The purpose of this paper is to find out the structure pattern and characteristics of disyllabic words in Qing Dynasty by studying the disyllabic words in Qing Dynasty notebooks, and to find out the rules of the development of Chinese vocabulary. By means of statistical analysis, synchronic and diachronic comparative analysis, this paper classifies and statistics the number and structure of disyllabic words in the book, and classifies and analyzes them according to their meanings and grammar. This paper focuses on the analysis of part of speech and structure of disyllabic compound words, and compares them with the disyllabic words of past dynasties, and sums up the general features and characteristics of disyllabic words in Zi Buyu. This paper is divided into six parts: the first part mainly introduces the reason of choosing the topic and the background knowledge, introduces the content, the author, the edition, the research status, the research method and the judgment standard of the disyllabic words. The second part analyzes simple words. According to whether the two syllables of simple words overlap or not, they can be divided into reduplicated simple words and non-overlapping simple words. Non-overlapping simple words are divided into continuous words and transliterated words according to the source of the words. According to the phonetic characteristics of double-tone rhyme, it is divided into two-tone continuous words, repeated rhyme continuous words and non-double-tone rhyme words. The part of speech and the meaning of these simple words are analyzed. In the third part, the disyllabic compound words are analyzed. According to the meaning and structural relationship between the two morphemes of compound words, they are divided into seven types: joint, partial formality, dominant, subject-predicate, supplemental, additive and reduplicative. The part of speech and the meaning of the seven kinds of disyllabic compound words are analyzed respectively. In the fourth part, we analyze the semantics of "Zi Buyu" > "double syllable" words. By analyzing the ten kinds of semantic fields in "Zi Buyu > disyllabic words" and comparing them with the semantics of modern Chinese, we find that the meaning characteristics of "Zi Buyu > disyllabic words" are found. The fifth part contrasts the quantity and structure of "Zi Buyu", "Xijing Zaoji", "Beimenzhayan", and compares them with modern Chinese, and concludes that the number of "Zi Buyu" disyllabic words is increasing gradually. The structure tends to be fixed and the semantic approach to the characteristics of modern Chinese. The sixth part is the conclusion of the article. This paper sums up the full text and speculates the development trend of Chinese. In the Qing Dynasty, the trend of polyphonation was obvious, the number of monosyllabic words decreased, and the semantics tended to modern Chinese. Through the analysis of this paper, we hope to provide some reference materials for linguistic research.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H134

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