【摘要】：否定在韓國(guó)人學(xué)習(xí)漢語的過程中和中國(guó)人學(xué)習(xí)韓國(guó)語的過程中都是個(gè)值得研究和討論的難點(diǎn)。在學(xué)習(xí)外語的時(shí)候,通常由于受到母語的影響,在表達(dá)否定義的時(shí)候出現(xiàn)誤用的狀況。此前的多數(shù)研究中,著重從詞匯和句法的角度,對(duì)韓國(guó)語和漢語的否定法進(jìn)行了對(duì)比和探究。本論文在之前的研究成果上整理總結(jié)的同時(shí),稍作深層次的研究,并且從語用論的角度對(duì)比分析了韓國(guó)語和漢語否定義的表現(xiàn)形式。 通過細(xì)致的對(duì)比研究過程,在詞匯,句法,語用論的角度得出以下成果： 一.從韓國(guó)語和漢語否定詞匯角度出發(fā),漢語否定詞可以出現(xiàn)在謂語核心詞的前后,而韓國(guó)語的否定詞,只能出現(xiàn)在謂語核心詞的前面。在短型否定句中,韓國(guó)語的否定詞通常是固定的,只在謂語核心詞前面出現(xiàn),而漢語的否定詞不僅可以出現(xiàn)在核心詞前,也可以放在其它成分之前,只是表達(dá)的意義不同。韓國(guó)語否定詞的出發(fā)點(diǎn)被認(rèn)為是對(duì)于肯定構(gòu)造的對(duì)立層面�？隙ㄊ顷愂瞿撤N事物的存在,而否定則是陳述某種事物不存在,而漢語卻不是這樣的。 二.從句法角度來看,韓國(guó)語中典型性否定形式與漢語否定形式的對(duì)比過程中,否定詞后接續(xù)的詞性具有限制性,韓漢相對(duì)應(yīng)的否定義也不是萬能的,涉及到了詞義縮小和詞義擴(kuò)大的問題。而客觀否定,意志否定和能力否定在表達(dá)的過程中所選擇的詞也有所限制。在時(shí)制上,漢語的否定不像韓國(guó)語那樣明顯,韓國(guó)語的否定使用上所對(duì)應(yīng)的漢語有所要求。 三.從語用論角度來看,韓國(guó)語否定義的表現(xiàn)形式可以通過使用不同的詞匯,將祈使句改為反問句的形式委婉的征求對(duì)方意見。而漢語中可以通過語調(diào)和不同發(fā)音來表達(dá)出不同的意思。語用論在生活中的使用非常廣泛,可以從說話者的心理狀態(tài),回答方式和發(fā)音的過程中來判斷對(duì)方想表達(dá)出的否定義。 韓國(guó)語和漢語的否定義表達(dá)形式上有很多的相同點(diǎn),也有很多的不同點(diǎn),所以在學(xué)習(xí)的過程中按照母語的思維方式會(huì)出現(xiàn)很多混淆與誤用。這些不同不僅僅因?yàn)轫n國(guó)語和漢語處于不同的語系中,在語言使用方式和習(xí)慣上也受到影響。特別是在表現(xiàn)否定義的過程中,還涉及到了各國(guó)文化風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣和表達(dá)方式的不同上。 本論文主要通過語用論的角度,對(duì)韓國(guó)語和漢語的否定義的表現(xiàn)形式進(jìn)行了對(duì)比,希望以此來對(duì)韓中兩國(guó)語言學(xué)習(xí)和研究者有所幫助,在相互學(xué)習(xí),探討,研究過程中,對(duì)韓漢否定意義的表現(xiàn)對(duì)比進(jìn)行更廣泛,更深層,更有實(shí)用性的研究。
[Abstract]:Negation is a difficult point to be studied and discussed in the process of Korean learning and Chinese learning Korean. When learning a foreign language, it is often misused because of the influence of the mother tongue. In most previous studies, the negative methods of Korean and Chinese are compared and explored from lexical and syntactic perspectives. While summarizing the previous research results, this thesis makes a deep study and makes a comparative analysis of the expressions of whether Korean and Chinese are defined from the perspective of pragmatics. From the perspective of lexical, syntactic and pragmatic studies, the following results are obtained: 1. From the angle of Korean and Chinese negative words, Chinese negative words can appear before and after the predicate core words, while Korean negative words can only appear in front of predicate core words. In short negative sentences, the negative words in Korean are usually fixed and appear only in front of the predicate core words, while the negative words in Chinese can appear not only before the core words, but also before other elements. The starting point of the Korean negative words is regarded as the opposite level of the affirmative structure. Affirmation is to state the existence of something, while negation is to state that something does not exist, but Chinese is not. II. From the syntactic point of view, in the process of comparing typical negative forms with Chinese negative forms, the part of speech followed by negative words is restrictive, and the corresponding negative meanings in Han and Han languages are not omnipotent. It involves the problem of word meaning narrowing and word meaning expanding. The choice of words in the process of expressing objective negation, will negation and ability negation is also limited. In terms of tense, the negation of Chinese is not as obvious as that of Korean, and the negative use of Korean requires the corresponding Chinese. Three From the perspective of pragmatics, the expression of Korean definition can be changed from imperative sentence to rhetorical sentence form by using different words to ask the other party's opinion tactfully. In Chinese, different meanings can be expressed by intonation and pronunciation. Pragmatics is widely used in daily life and can be used to judge the negative meaning of the speaker from the perspective of the speaker's mental state, the way of answering and the process of pronunciation. There are many similarities and differences in the forms of negative expressions between Korean and Chinese, so there will be a lot of confusion and misuse in the process of learning according to the mode of thinking of the mother tongue. These differences are not only because Korean and Chinese are in different languages, but also in language usage and habits. Especially in the process of defining performance, it also involves the cultural customs and expressions of different countries. From the perspective of pragmatics, this thesis makes a comparison between Korean and Chinese in the form of non-definition, hoping to be of help to the study of Korean and Chinese languages and researchers in the process of mutual learning, discussion and research. The comparison of the negative meaning of Han and Han is more extensive, deeper and more practical.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：延邊大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：H136;H55

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