【摘要】：動(dòng)補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)是一項(xiàng)投入了很多學(xué)術(shù)力量的課題。從宏觀的起源問(wèn)題，古代漢語(yǔ)動(dòng)補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的整體研究，到微觀的涉及動(dòng)補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的特殊句式的研究、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)義研究、虛化補(bǔ)語(yǔ)研究、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)關(guān)系的研究等等，學(xué)界無(wú)一不涉足,這些研究大部分從語(yǔ)言的語(yǔ)表和語(yǔ)里入手，注重的是動(dòng)補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)本身的結(jié)構(gòu)特征以及動(dòng)補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)與其他語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象的關(guān)系等。然而漢語(yǔ)是意合語(yǔ)言，除了結(jié)構(gòu)特征之外，深層次的語(yǔ)義特征也極為重要。本文從語(yǔ)義的角度來(lái)探討漢語(yǔ)表運(yùn)動(dòng)事件類(lèi)動(dòng)趨式這個(gè)大環(huán)境下謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和趨向動(dòng)詞的省略問(wèn)題，，并以此證明漢語(yǔ)是“核心語(yǔ)構(gòu)架語(yǔ)言”。本文采用語(yǔ)料分析法，并通過(guò)Antconc軟件統(tǒng)計(jì)表物理運(yùn)動(dòng)事件的動(dòng)趨式、趨向動(dòng)詞以及移動(dòng)類(lèi)動(dòng)詞在不同語(yǔ)式、不同文體中的出現(xiàn)頻率，以此證明漢語(yǔ)表運(yùn)動(dòng)事件類(lèi)動(dòng)趨式中語(yǔ)義核心趨向動(dòng)詞一般不能夠省略，而結(jié)構(gòu)核心大多可以省略這一事實(shí)。 漢語(yǔ)是注重意合的語(yǔ)言，漢語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)中的成分是可以省略的，如一個(gè)漢語(yǔ)句子的主語(yǔ)可以省略，只保留謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。但是這個(gè)省略的主語(yǔ)必須是對(duì)話雙方已知的舊信息，而未知的新信息是不能省略的，新信息是語(yǔ)義核心，是人們交流的目的所在。利用Antconc軟件計(jì)算，漢語(yǔ)表運(yùn)動(dòng)事件的動(dòng)趨式中，移動(dòng)類(lèi)動(dòng)詞單獨(dú)表運(yùn)動(dòng)事件的頻率較低，動(dòng)趨式或者趨向動(dòng)詞表運(yùn)動(dòng)事件的頻率較高，故趨向動(dòng)詞是運(yùn)動(dòng)事件的新信息，是其語(yǔ)義核心。筆者認(rèn)為進(jìn)行漢語(yǔ)分析時(shí)不應(yīng)該照搬西方語(yǔ)言的研究方法，應(yīng)該尋求符合漢語(yǔ)特點(diǎn)的研究方法。筆者認(rèn)為語(yǔ)義核心相對(duì)于結(jié)構(gòu)核心更能代表漢語(yǔ)的特征,因此判斷漢語(yǔ)是“核心語(yǔ)構(gòu)架語(yǔ)言”還是“附加語(yǔ)構(gòu)架語(yǔ)言”的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)應(yīng)該選取語(yǔ)義核心。
[Abstract]:The dynamic complement structure is a subject which has invested a lot of academic strength. From the macroscopic origin problem, the whole research of the Chinese verb-complement structure in ancient Chinese, to the microcosmic research of the special sentence structure involving the verb-complement structure, the semantic study of the complement, the study of the virtual complement, the study of the relationship between the complement and the object, and so on. Most of these researches begin with the language table and language, focusing on the structural characteristics of the verb-complement structure itself and the relationship between the move-complement structure and other linguistic phenomena. However, Chinese is a parataxis language, in addition to structural features, deep semantic features are also extremely important. From the semantic point of view, this paper discusses the ellipsis of predicate verbs and directional verbs in the general context of Chinese motion events, and proves that Chinese is the "core framework language". In this paper, we adopt the method of corpus analysis and use Antconc software to analyze the tendency of physical motion events, the frequency of moving verbs and moving verbs in different language forms and different styles. In this way, it is proved that the semantic core directional verb can not be omitted in the Chinese table motion event type trend, but the structural core can be omitted in most cases. Chinese is a language that pays attention to parataxis. The elements in Chinese sentence structure can be omitted, such as the subject of a Chinese sentence can be omitted, only the predicate verb can be retained. But the subject of this ellipsis must be the old information known by both sides of the dialogue, and the unknown new information cannot be omitted. The new information is the semantic core and the purpose of communication. By using Antconc software, the frequency of motion events of moving verbs is low, and the frequency of moving events is higher than that of moving verbs, so directional verbs are new information of motion events. Is its semantic core. The author thinks that the research method of western language should not be copied in the analysis of Chinese, and the research method should be in accordance with the characteristics of Chinese. The author believes that the semantic core is more representative of the characteristics of Chinese than the structural core, so the criteria for judging whether Chinese is a "core framing language" or "add-on framing language" should select the semantic core.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：H146

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