【摘要】：在現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)中,“就”與“是”構(gòu)成的“就是”可以是一個(gè)凝固化程度較低的謂詞性短語(yǔ),充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)中心；也可以是一個(gè)副詞,起修飾作用,用于表范圍、強(qiáng)調(diào)或語(yǔ)氣等；還可以作為連詞,起關(guān)聯(lián)作用。 連詞“就是”可以出現(xiàn)在它所連接的前一分句中,表示讓步關(guān)系,也可以出現(xiàn)于后一分句中,表示讓步、轉(zhuǎn)折、解說(shuō)等關(guān)系。在語(yǔ)用方面,連詞“就是”具有銜接功能、標(biāo)記功能和評(píng)價(jià)功能,它可以連接體詞性詞語(yǔ)、謂詞性詞語(yǔ)或者分句,標(biāo)記它所連接的前后項(xiàng)成分之間的不同邏輯語(yǔ)義關(guān)系,同時(shí)具有表達(dá)說(shuō)話人對(duì)所表達(dá)意義的主觀評(píng)價(jià)及情感和態(tài)度。雖然學(xué)界對(duì)連詞“就是”的基本意義看法有分歧,但表選擇、讓步和轉(zhuǎn)折則是大家所公認(rèn)的。作為選擇關(guān)系連詞,“就是”與“或者”“還是”的用法有同有異,它不能單用表示選擇關(guān)系,必須與“不是”配合構(gòu)成“不是……就是……”格式中表不二者擇其一的選擇關(guān)系。表讓步關(guān)系時(shí),“就是”經(jīng)常與“也”構(gòu)成“就是……也……”格式,其后接成分可以是純粹的假設(shè),也可以是實(shí)事虛說(shuō)。與“即使”不同的是,“就是”表讓步時(shí)只能出現(xiàn)于表假設(shè)的前置分句。“就是”表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系時(shí),屬于輕轉(zhuǎn),可以表示事物的性質(zhì)或特征的對(duì)比,也可以用于表示對(duì)程度或作用的補(bǔ)充,或者表示因果逆轉(zhuǎn)。 “就是”用法的多樣性導(dǎo)致母語(yǔ)非漢語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者學(xué)習(xí)該詞時(shí)經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)偏誤,通過(guò)對(duì)HSK動(dòng)態(tài)作文語(yǔ)料庫(kù)的調(diào)查,學(xué)習(xí)者使用“就是”時(shí)的偏誤主要有誤代、遺漏和誤加三種類型。這些偏誤的形成與“就是”本身用法和意義的復(fù)雜性有關(guān),也與現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)中與“就是”用法相似的其他詞語(yǔ)的干擾有關(guān)�！栋l(fā)展?jié)h語(yǔ)》《漢語(yǔ)新天地》等對(duì)外漢語(yǔ)教材都對(duì)“就是”的基本功能和主要用法進(jìn)行了介紹,并設(shè)置了相關(guān)的專項(xiàng)練習(xí),以強(qiáng)化學(xué)生對(duì)該語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)的學(xué)習(xí)。結(jié)合“就是”偏誤的情況及教材的安排,在連詞“就是”的教學(xué)方面應(yīng)采取相關(guān)的教學(xué)策略,應(yīng)該注重該詞基本功能的教學(xué),注重“就是”與相關(guān)詞語(yǔ)用法異同的對(duì)比,注重這一知識(shí)點(diǎn)教學(xué)的連續(xù)性。
[Abstract]:In modern Chinese, "just" and "constitutes" can be a low degree of solidification of the predicate phrase, acting as the predicate or predicate center; It can also be an adverb that modifies the scope, emphasis, or tone of expression, and can also be used as a conjunct to play an associative role. The conjunct "is" may appear in the preceding sentence of its connection, indicating the concessional relation, or in the latter sub-sentence, indicating the relation of concession, turning point, explanation, etc. In the aspect of pragmatics, the conjunction "is" has the functions of cohesion, marking and evaluation. It can connect the aspect words, predicate words or clauses, and mark the different logical semantic relations between the elements before and after they are connected. At the same time, it can express the subjective evaluation, emotion and attitude of the speaker to the expressed meaning. Although scholars have different views on the basic meaning of conjunctions, it is generally accepted that they should choose, compromise and turn. As a choice relation conjunction, the usage of "that is" and "either" or "is different. It can not be used solely to indicate the selection relationship, but must be combined with" not "to constitute" not ". That's it. " The selection of a table in a format. When showing concessions, "yes" and "often" constitute "also" is. " Format, followed by components can be purely hypothetical, or can be a matter of truth. Unlike the "even", the "yes" table can only appear in the preceding clause of the table's hypothesis when concessions are made. It is a light turn, which can be used to indicate the contrast of the nature or characteristics of things, to indicate the complement of degree or effect, or to indicate the reversal of cause and effect. The diversity of usage leads to errors in the learning of the word by non-native Chinese learners. Through the investigation of the HSK dynamic composition corpus, the errors in the use of "you" by learners are mainly three types: error-generation, omission and mis-addition. The formation of these errors is related to the complexity of the use and meaning of "that is". It is also related to the interference of other words similar to the usage of "that" in modern Chinese. The basic functions and main usage of "you" are introduced in the teaching materials such as "developing Chinese" and "Xintiandi" of Chinese as a foreign language. And set up relevant special exercises to strengthen the students to learn the grammar knowledge. Combining the situation of "is" bias and the arrangement of teaching materials, we should adopt relevant teaching strategies in the teaching of conjunctions "that is", pay attention to the teaching of the basic functions of the word, and pay attention to the comparison between "that is" and the similarities and differences between the usage of the words and the relevant words. Pay attention to the continuity of this knowledge point teaching.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：揚(yáng)州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：H195

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