【摘要】：無論在語言學(xué)還是語言哲學(xué)中，隱喻都是一個重要的研究對象。長期以來，人們雖然承認(rèn)生活離不開隱喻，卻始終有意無意地將隱喻看作花邊裝飾。通過理查茲、布萊克直到萊柯夫、約翰遜等人的努力，人們基本上都承認(rèn)，隱喻在語言中不僅僅是裝潢，而且是思維底層的概念系統(tǒng)，它影響著人們言行方式，甚至通過構(gòu)建語言而構(gòu)建世界。 以塞爾的隱喻理論為標(biāo)靶，文中指出表達式下并沒藏著一個內(nèi)在含義，，因而人們無法用“真值”對隱喻進行規(guī)約和判斷。隨后，借維特根斯坦和奧斯汀的手指出，只有在句子的使用過程中，隱喻才能發(fā)揮效用，這時說一句話是隱喻才有意義。隱喻雖是由施喻者個人所創(chuàng)，但只有始源域概念能被受喻者感知，隱喻才不會被架空、被受喻者理解。所以隱喻的構(gòu)建和解讀都是“主體間性地”完成的。 羅蘭·巴特揭示出，能指與所指結(jié)合而成的意義，經(jīng)過過度使用會僵死為空洞的能指；人們懷著某種意圖使用這個能指，傳達某種語旨力，在這一過程中注入新的“所指”并形成概念。神話層級的“概念”在言語行為中作為預(yù)設(shè)而存在。人們通過構(gòu)建無數(shù)個神話層級的概念而構(gòu)建語言，并通過構(gòu)建語言而構(gòu)建世界。隨后將呈現(xiàn)的景象，隱喻通過言語行為發(fā)揮作用，并通過言語行為實現(xiàn)對世界的構(gòu)建。
[Abstract]:Metaphor is an important research object in both linguistics and linguistic philosophy. For a long time, although people admit that metaphor is indispensable to life, they always regard metaphor as lace decoration. Through the efforts of Richards, Blake and Lakoff and Johnson, it is generally acknowledged that metaphor is not only a decoration in language, but also a conceptual system at the bottom of the mind, which affects the way people speak and speak. Even build the world by building languages. Taking Searle's metaphorical theory as the target, it is pointed out that there is no inherent meaning in the expression, so people can not use "truth value" to regulate and judge metaphor. Then, with the fingers of Wittgenstein and Austin, it is only in the use of sentences that metaphor works, and that it makes sense to say a sentence as a metaphor. Metaphor is created by the person who gives the metaphor, but only if the concept of the original domain can be perceived by the recipient, the metaphor will not be framed and understood by the recipient. Therefore, the construction and interpretation of metaphor are intersubjective. Roland Bart reveals that the meaning of the combination of signifier and signifier can be turned into empty signifier after excessive use. People use this signifier with some intention, convey some kind of tenor, inject new "signified" and form a concept in this process. Myth-level concept exists as presupposition in speech act. People construct language by constructing countless mythological concepts and the world by building languages. Then the scene will be presented, metaphor will play a role through speech acts, and through speech acts to achieve the construction of the world.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H15

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1 陳嘉映;索緒爾的幾組基本概念[J];杭州師范學(xué)院學(xué)報(社會科學(xué)版);2002年02期

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