【摘要】：本文通過對比分析，認(rèn)為英語和漢語是兩個(gè)在不同基礎(chǔ)上構(gòu)建起來的具有顯著差異的音系系統(tǒng)：英語以重音為支點(diǎn)，而漢語以聲調(diào)為支點(diǎn)。二者在類型上以及節(jié)奏承載單位等方面各不相同。英語節(jié)奏關(guān)注重輕音節(jié)的交替，，漢語節(jié)奏則是倚靠不同聲調(diào)的組合，因此兩者雖然都以雙拍步為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)音步，但是音步的組成成分不盡相同。另外，兩個(gè)音系系統(tǒng)都存在著元音弱化的現(xiàn)象，即在重音缺失和輕聲的情況下，元音都有可能弱化為模糊央元音//。//在英語中出現(xiàn)頻率很高，主要是重讀音節(jié)與非重讀音節(jié)交替的結(jié)果，而漢語//出現(xiàn)頻率較低，主要源于輕聲數(shù)量相對較少，也伴隨著重音的趨弱。 在英漢音系系統(tǒng)的對比基礎(chǔ)上，本文進(jìn)而回答了漢語是否存在詞重音，或者說是否存在等同于英語詞重音這一問題。由于聲調(diào)在漢語音系系統(tǒng)中的統(tǒng)領(lǐng)地位，漢語所謂的詞重音現(xiàn)象帶有濃重的聲調(diào)系統(tǒng)所賦予的特征，因此表現(xiàn)出有別于英語詞重音的性質(zhì)。具體體現(xiàn)在：(1)對比重音是在漢語載調(diào)音節(jié)的基礎(chǔ)上，對某一語言單位的重讀或強(qiáng)調(diào)，體現(xiàn)的是語用功能，具有偶然性和隨意性；(2)漢語的普通重音通過載調(diào)音節(jié)而實(shí)現(xiàn)，由于載調(diào)元音飽滿，因此雙音節(jié)詞的重音很難判斷，具有不統(tǒng)一性；(3)輕聲因音節(jié)失去聲調(diào)而變得短促且微弱，這是一種相對于載重音節(jié)的弱讀，是在聲調(diào)系統(tǒng)內(nèi)的一種強(qiáng)與弱的對比。
[Abstract]:Through comparative analysis, it is concluded that English and Chinese are two phonological systems with significant differences based on different bases: stress is the fulcrum in English and tone is the fulcrum in Chinese. The two are different in type and rhythm bearing unit. English rhythm pays attention to the alternation of heavy and light syllables, while Chinese rhythm relies on the combination of different tones, so both of them take double beat step as the standard sound step, but the composition of the step is different. In addition, vowels are weakened in both phonological systems, that is, the vowels may be weakened to fuzzy central vowels /. / in English when the stress is missing and the vowels are softly spoken. It is mainly the result of the alternation of stress syllable and unstressed syllable, while the low frequency of Chinese / is mainly due to the relatively small number of soft sounds and the weakening of stress. On the basis of the contrastive analysis of English and Chinese phonological systems, this paper then answers the question of whether or not there is a word stress in Chinese, or whether it is equivalent to English word stress. Due to the dominant position of tone in the Chinese phonological system, the phenomenon of word stress in Chinese has the characteristics given by the dense tone system, so it shows a different nature from that of English word stress. It is embodied in the following aspects: (1) contrastive stress is based on the Chinese tone syllables, and the emphasis on a certain language unit is pragmatic function, which is accidental and random; (2) the common stress in Chinese is realized by the tone syllable. Because the vowels are full, it is difficult to judge the stress of dicyllabic words. (3) it is short and weak because of the loss of the tone of the syllables, which is a kind of weak reading relative to the heavy syllable. Is a strong and weak contrast in a tone system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：寧波大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H116;H311

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