【摘要】：時(shí)間格著眼于表時(shí)間的名詞性成分與謂詞之間的關(guān)系,本文以時(shí)間格為研究對(duì)象,主要分析現(xiàn)代漢語中時(shí)間格的句法語義特征。具體來說： 首先,本文在前人研究基礎(chǔ)上分別采用形式和語義的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)時(shí)間格進(jìn)行了分類。形式上,時(shí)間格分為無標(biāo)記的、有標(biāo)記的、準(zhǔn)標(biāo)記的三類；語義上,時(shí)間格分為時(shí)點(diǎn)成分和時(shí)段成分兩類。還分析了時(shí)間詞和時(shí)間結(jié)構(gòu)之間的轉(zhuǎn)化,認(rèn)為時(shí)間結(jié)構(gòu)是時(shí)間詞的復(fù)雜化結(jié)構(gòu),時(shí)間結(jié)構(gòu)還可以通過遞歸、復(fù)合和嵌套來構(gòu)成新的時(shí)間結(jié)構(gòu)。 其次,對(duì)時(shí)間格的句法功能進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的研究。首先是對(duì)時(shí)間格句法功能做出了定性的分析,接著在占有大量語料的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)其句法功能的分布進(jìn)行了定量分析,得出時(shí)間格句法功能的分布特點(diǎn)。然后,分別討論了時(shí)間格作狀語和補(bǔ)語時(shí)的特征。作狀語主要考察其語序特征和作狀語的條件,作補(bǔ)語分時(shí)點(diǎn)和時(shí)段來考察補(bǔ)語的條件。之后,對(duì)時(shí)間格作狀語和補(bǔ)語進(jìn)行比較分析,主要分析數(shù)量結(jié)構(gòu)的狀／補(bǔ)能力和狀補(bǔ)位置上的時(shí)間格完句能力。最后,分析時(shí)間格與空間格的句法能力差異并嘗試結(jié)合認(rèn)知語言學(xué)中的“容器—內(nèi)容”意向圖式嘗試分析。 最后,結(jié)合對(duì)外漢語教學(xué)實(shí)際,分析二語習(xí)得中時(shí)間格的使用偏誤,對(duì)其進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的分類描寫,并對(duì)偏誤出現(xiàn)的原因進(jìn)行了跨語言的分析。
[Abstract]:Temporal lattices focus on the relationship between nominal components and predicates of time. This paper focuses on the syntactic and semantic features of temporal lattices in modern Chinese. Specifically, first of all, based on previous studies, this paper classifies temporal lattices by using formal and semantic criteria respectively. In form, time lattices are classified into three categories: unmarked, marked and quasi-marked, and semantically, time lattices are divided into two categories: time element and time element. The transformation between time words and time structures is also analyzed. It is considered that time structure is the complex structure of time words, and time structure can be constructed by recursion, composition and nesting. Secondly, the syntactic function of temporal lattice is studied in detail. Firstly, it makes a qualitative analysis on the syntactic function of temporal case, and then makes a quantitative analysis on the distribution of its syntactic function on the basis of possessing a large amount of corpus, and obtains the distribution characteristics of the syntactic function of temporal case. Then, the characteristics of temporal case as adverbial and complement are discussed respectively. The adverbial mainly investigates its word order characteristic and the condition of adverbial, and the time point and period of complement to examine the condition of complement. After that, the comparative analysis of temporal case as adverbial and complement is carried out, which mainly analyzes the ability of form / complement of quantitative structure and the ability of completing sentence in the position of temporal complement. Finally, the differences of syntactic competence between temporal and spatial cases are analyzed and an attempt is made to combine the "container-content" schemata in cognitive linguistics. Finally, combined with the practice of teaching Chinese as a foreign language, this paper analyzes the errors in the use of time frames in second language acquisition, describes them in detail, and makes a cross-language analysis of the causes of errors.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：H146

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