【摘要】：時間詞語是兒童習得較晚的一類詞語，也是兒童認知發(fā)展成熟的標志之一。時間意識的產(chǎn)生、發(fā)展和成熟代表了兒童時間認知發(fā)展逐漸成熟的過程。從隱喻角度，通過源域和目標域間的關系分析兒童時間詞語的習得情況，有利于從語言內(nèi)部更深層次地發(fā)現(xiàn)兒童習得時間詞語的過程以及兒童如何利用隱喻來習得時間詞語的；隨著兒童年齡的增長，時間詞語的發(fā)展趨于成熟，同時時間意識的發(fā)展也趨于成熟。兒童時間詞語的發(fā)展研究對兒童時間認知的發(fā)展具有重大意義。 本課題運用調查研究法、數(shù)理統(tǒng)計法和個案縱向觀察法對四名1-5歲兒童（說英語、說漢語兒童各兩名）的時間詞語使用情況進行研究分析。其中兩名說漢語兒童MHR(01;06;19-05;04;26)和ZHZ(01;06;26-05;05;06)選取了33個對稱觀察點，，對他們早期各類時間詞語使用的總體情況、始現(xiàn)時間和頻率進行分析。對來自Brown語料庫的ADA(02;03;04-04;10;00)和SAR(02;03;05-04;11;26)兩名說英語兒童的語料選取了33個觀察點并對他們早期時間詞語的發(fā)展情況進行對比研究，探討其異同，并分析其原因。 研究結果表明：（1）時間詞語在說漢語兒童年紀尚幼時出現(xiàn)的較少，隨著年齡的增長各類時間詞語也逐漸增多。（2）ZHZ和MHR最常見使用的是時態(tài)助詞“了”和時間副詞，遠遠超出其他時間詞語的比例。（3）四歲半左右時間詞語在說二種語言的兒童語句中出現(xiàn)的頻率達到高峰。（4）由于英漢兩種語言時間系統(tǒng)構成的不同，說英語兒童說出的時間詞語較少，而更多的是用不同時態(tài)表達不同時間意義。ADA和SAR常使用一般現(xiàn)代時和一般過去時。 總之，兒童時間詞語的發(fā)展與兒童的年齡、認知能力、語言復雜性、語言輸入差異和輸入頻率有關。
[Abstract]:Temporal words are not only a kind of words acquired by children, but also a sign of children's cognitive development. The emergence, development and maturity of time consciousness represent the gradual maturation process of children's time cognition development. From the perspective of metaphor, analyzing the acquisition of children's temporal words through the relationship between source domain and target domain can help to find out the process of children's acquisition of temporal words and how children use metaphor to acquire temporal words. With the growth of children's age, the development of temporal words tends to mature, and the development of time consciousness also tends to mature. The research on the development of children's temporal words is of great significance to the development of children's time cognition. Using the methods of investigation, mathematical statistics and case longitudinal observation, this paper studies and analyzes the use of time words in four children aged 1-5 years (two children speaking English and two children speaking Chinese). Among them, two Chinese speaking children (MHR (01yun06Jao 19-0504-26) and ZHZ (01Y06HX 26-0505-06-06) selected 33 symmetrical observation points. The general situation of their early use of various temporal words and phrases was analyzed, and the time and frequency of their initial time and frequency were analyzed. The data of two English-speaking children from the Brown Corpus, ADA (02Y03C04-044-1000) and SAR (02Y0305-045-01126), were selected from 33 observation points, and the development of words and expressions in their early period were compared, and their similarities and differences were discussed, and the reasons were analyzed. The results show that: (1) temporal words appear less in Chinese speaking children when they are young, and gradually increase with age. (2) the most common words used in ZHZ and MHR are tense auxiliary words "Jiao" and temporal adverbs. The proportion of time words is far higher than that of other time words. (3) the frequency of time words appearing in children who speak two languages has reached a peak. (4) due to the difference in the composition of time systems between English and Chinese, English speaking children speak fewer words of time and more of them use different tenses to express different meanings of time. ADA and SAR often use the general modern tense and the general past tense. In a word, the development of children's temporal words is related to their age, cognitive ability, language complexity, language input difference and input frequency.
【學位授予單位】：長沙理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H319;H193.1

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