【摘要】：詞匯化是語言演變的一個重要方面，近年來已成為國內外語言學界關注的焦點。漢語詞匯化也在這種大背景下取得了長足發(fā)展，有關漢語詞匯化的著作和論文不斷涌現，極大地豐富了漢語詞匯化理論。本文立足于“總”類詞語，以“總歸、總共、總之”等為研究對象，通過對語料的全面考察，描寫它們各自的詞匯化過程，明確成詞時間，并對其在現代漢語中的語用功能進行描寫，最后分析其成詞的動因與機制。之所以選擇其中的副詞和連詞作為主要的研究對象，是因為語言變化在很多情況下都是在語言使用中發(fā)生的，而副詞和連詞都具有篇章連接的作用，這種篇章連接作用使得這兩類成分與話語密切相關，因此使得副詞和連詞成為更新較快的語言成分，也容易發(fā)生詞匯化。全文共分為七部分： 第一章是緒論，主要介紹了詞匯化和語法化的研究現狀以及“總”類連詞及副詞的詞匯化研究現狀、研究內容，并簡述了本文的研究方法、理論依據和研究意義，介紹了本文的語料來源。 第二章主要考察了“總”的意義的歷時發(fā)展變化，考察發(fā)現，“總”在最初是作為動詞使用的，隨著“總”后所接成分的逐漸復雜，其句法位置和功能發(fā)生了演變，因而“總”在不同時期的意義也發(fā)生了改變，，這就有了詞匯化的可能，同時也為后文分析“總歸、總共、總之”的詞匯化奠定了基礎。 第三章、第四章和第五章分別考察了“總歸”“總共”“總之”三個詞語的演變過程。首先考察它們各自在現代漢語中的句法語義表現，發(fā)現它們在現代漢語中都是作為副詞或連詞使用的。進而通過收集的大量語料，探尋其作為短語或跨層結構的用法，從歷時角度考察其詞匯化的過程，通過考察分析得出，“總歸”、“總共”分別是由狀中式偏正短語和跨層結構詞匯化為副詞的，“總之”是由動賓式短語詞匯化為連詞的，最后又分別分析了三者在現代漢語中的語用功能。 第六章分析“總”類詞語詞匯化的動因與機制，分別從語言自身、語用、心理認知等方面，對“總歸、總共、總之”詞匯化的進行了闡釋和分析,語音、語義及表層結構等語言自身的變化，使它們都有了詞匯化的可能；語用推理與語境義的吸收以及結構的簡化等語用因素，使得各個話語形式在使用中逐漸趨于詞匯化；隱喻、組塊心理模式及重新分析等心理認知因素為詞匯化提供了認知上的理論依據。
[Abstract]:Lexicalization is an important aspect of language evolution and has become the focus of linguists at home and abroad in recent years. Under this background, the lexicalization of Chinese has made great progress, and the works and papers on the lexicalization of Chinese have been emerging constantly, which has greatly enriched the theory of lexicalization of Chinese. Based on the category of "total" and taking "general, total, in short" as the object of study, this paper describes their respective lexicalization process and defines the time of word formation through a comprehensive investigation of the corpus. The pragmatic function in modern Chinese is described, and the motivation and mechanism of its word formation are analyzed. The reason for choosing adverbs and conjunctions as the main research objects is that language changes occur in many cases in the use of language, and adverbs and conjunctions play a role of textual connection. This kind of textual connection makes these two kinds of components closely related to discourse, so adverbs and conjunctions become rapidly updated language components, and lexicalization is easy to occur. The thesis is divided into seven parts: the first chapter is the introduction, which mainly introduces the research status of lexicalization and grammaticalization, the lexicalization of "total" conjunctions and adverbs, the contents of the research, and the research methods of this paper. The theoretical basis and the significance of the research, introduced the source of the corpus of this paper. The second chapter mainly examines the diachronic development of the meaning of "total". It is found that "total" was originally used as a verb, and its syntactic position and function evolved with the gradual complexity of the components followed by "total". Therefore, the meaning of "total" has also changed in different periods, which has the possibility of lexicalization, and it also lays the foundation for the lexicalization of "general, total, in short" in later text analysis. Chapter three, Chapter four and Chapter five examine the evolution of the three words, "Total" and "Total" respectively. First, we examine their syntactic and semantic expressions in modern Chinese, and find that they are used as adverbs or conjunctions in modern Chinese. Then through the collection of a large number of data, to explore its use as a phrase or cross-layer structure, from a diachronic point of view to investigate its lexicalization process, through investigation and analysis, it is concluded that "always", "total" is changed from syntactic Chinese positive phrases and cross-structure words to adverbs, "in short" is changed from verb-object phrases to conjunctions. Finally, the pragmatic functions of the three words in modern Chinese are analyzed separately. The sixth chapter analyzes the motivation and mechanism of lexicalization of "total" words, respectively from the aspects of language itself, pragmatics, psychological cognition, etc. The changes of semantic and surface structure make it possible for them to be lexicalized; pragmatic factors such as pragmatic inference, contextual meaning absorption and structural simplification make each utterance form more and more lexical in its use; metaphor, and so on. The psychological cognitive factors, such as block psychological model and reanalysis, provide a cognitive basis for lexicalization.
【學位授予單位】：遼寧大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H146

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