【摘要】：話語標(biāo)記是語言交際中常見的一種現(xiàn)象,它們不參與句子信息的構(gòu)建,主要用來引導(dǎo)和制約人們的交際。日常交際中存在著大量的例證類話語標(biāo)記,用以標(biāo)示說話人對于現(xiàn)實(shí)依據(jù)的態(tài)度和立場。迄今為止,此類標(biāo)記的研究只零星散見于篇什。 例證類話語標(biāo)記指的是能夠引述事例并且具有連接作用的語用成分。根據(jù)充當(dāng)例證類話語標(biāo)記的成分,可以將此類話語標(biāo)記分為單詞類和短語類；從話語標(biāo)記與后續(xù)成分的附著關(guān)系,可以將此類話語標(biāo)記分為黏著式和自由式；從標(biāo)記形式的完備性上,可以將此類話語標(biāo)記分為框架式和完整式。不同類別的話語標(biāo)記在邏輯關(guān)系、語體、開放性程度等方面存在著差異。例證類話語標(biāo)記在交際中主要具有舉例、話題、假設(shè)和連接這四種功能,體現(xiàn)不同功能的例證類話語標(biāo)記對其后續(xù)成分有一定的選擇性。體現(xiàn)舉例功能時(shí),話語標(biāo)記所受到的句法制約較弱,后續(xù)成分可以是短語,也可以是小句；體現(xiàn)話題功能和連接功能時(shí),話語標(biāo)記的后續(xù)成分則偏向于小句；體現(xiàn)假設(shè)功能時(shí),話語標(biāo)記的后續(xù)成分則一定是小句。 從關(guān)聯(lián)理論和連貫理論角度來看,例證類話語標(biāo)記的語用功能主要體現(xiàn)在話語的生成和理解、語篇的構(gòu)建以及人際互動(dòng)等方面,它們可以加強(qiáng)說話人的主觀性,激活認(rèn)知背景,限定話題內(nèi)容、引入新信息、銜接語篇連貫、建立交際關(guān)系等,而這幾種功能往往會重疊交叉使用。 充當(dāng)例證類話語標(biāo)記的成分可以是單詞,也可以是短語,還可以是單詞／短語和人稱代詞“你”的組合結(jié)構(gòu),不同類的例證類話語標(biāo)記都是語言系統(tǒng)歷時(shí)演變的結(jié)果。單詞類例證標(biāo)記語法化的過程中大都先經(jīng)歷了詞匯化,不同句法層面上的成分經(jīng)過重新分析后確認(rèn)為一個(gè)獨(dú)立的詞,再向副詞虛化,虛化的過程中伴隨著語義的虛化、句法功能的改變以及語用的擴(kuò)張,最終演化為例證類話語標(biāo)記。短語類例證標(biāo)記則在單詞類例證標(biāo)記的基礎(chǔ)上與其他語言成分進(jìn)一步組合虛化而來。不同成員之間虛化的程度并不一致,語法化過程中各種機(jī)制發(fā)揮的作用也不盡相同�！氨热纭钡奶摶^程中,類推演變起了主要作用,而“好比”的虛化過程中,隱喻機(jī)制發(fā)揮了主要作用,“你”的選擇性上主觀化和交互主觀化占據(jù)了主導(dǎo)位置。在對例證類話語標(biāo)記的成員及其主要功能進(jìn)行共時(shí)描寫的基礎(chǔ)上,從歷時(shí)角度考察它們形成的過程及形成機(jī)制,可以對現(xiàn)代漢語例證類話語標(biāo)記的功能作出更為充分的解釋。
[Abstract]:Discourse markers are a common phenomenon in language communication. They do not participate in the construction of sentence information and are mainly used to guide and restrict people's communication. There are a large number of illustrative discourse markers in daily communication, which are used to indicate the speaker's attitude and position on the basis of reality. Up to now, the study of such markers has been scattered in the papers. Illustrative discourse markers refer to pragmatic elements that can quote examples and are connected. This kind of discourse markers can be classified into word type and phrase type according to their components, and can be classified into adhesive type and freestyle type according to the attachment relationship between discourse markers and subsequent components. This kind of discourse markers can be divided into frame type and complete form from the completeness of marker form. Different types of discourse markers differ in logic, style and openness. Illustrative discourse markers have four functions in communication: example, topic, hypothesis and connection. The illustrative discourse markers, which embody different functions, have certain selectivity to their subsequent components. In the case of illustrative function, the syntactic constraints of discourse markers are weak, and the following components can be phrases or clauses; when they embody topic function and connective function, the follow-up elements of discourse markers tend to be clauses; when they embody hypothetical functions, the following elements of discourse markers tend to be clauses. The following components of discourse markers must be clauses. From the perspective of relevance theory and coherence theory, the pragmatic functions of illustrative discourse markers are mainly embodied in the generation and understanding of discourse, the construction of discourse and interpersonal interaction, which can enhance the subjectivity of the speaker and activate the cognitive background. Limiting topic content, introducing new information, cohesive text coherence, establishing communication relations, and so on, these functions often overlap and cross use. The elements that act as example discourse markers can be words or phrases, and can also be the combination structure of words / phrases and personal pronouns "you". Different types of illustrative discourse markers are the result of the diachronic evolution of language system. In the process of grammaticalization of lexical illustrative markers, most of them have experienced lexicalization first. After re-analysis of the components at different syntactic levels, they are recognized as an independent word, followed by the vacuity of the adverb, which is accompanied by semantic nihilization in the process of the grammaticalization of lexical illustrative markers. The change of syntactic function and the expansion of pragmatics finally evolve into illustrative discourse markers. Phrase-class illustration marks are combined with other language components on the basis of word-class illustrative markers. Different members have different degrees of virtualization and different mechanisms play different roles in the process of grammaticalization. In the process of "for example", analogy plays a major role, but in the process of "like", the mechanism of metaphor plays a major role, and the subjective and interactive subjectivization of "you" takes the dominant position. On the basis of the synchronic description of the members and their main functions of illustrative discourse markers, a diachronic study of their formation process and formation mechanism can fully explain the functions of example discourse markers in modern Chinese.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：揚(yáng)州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H13

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 周家春;;國外語用標(biāo)記語研究概觀[J];安慶師范學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)(社會科學(xué)版);2010年02期

2 陳家晃;;話語標(biāo)記的語境提示作用[J];北京化工大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(社會科學(xué)版);2011年04期

3 廖秋忠;;《語用學(xué)的原則》介紹[J];國外語言學(xué);1986年04期

4 陶紅印;試論語體分類的語法學(xué)意義[J];當(dāng)代語言學(xué);1999年03期

5 劉丹青;漢語中的框式介詞[J];當(dāng)代語言學(xué);2002年04期

6 王燦龍;詞匯化二例——兼談詞匯化和語法化的關(guān)系[J];當(dāng)代語言學(xué);2005年03期

7 沈家煊;語用法的語法化[J];福建外語;1998年02期

8 黃大網(wǎng);話語標(biāo)記研究綜述[J];福建外語;2001年01期

9 霍永壽;從言語行為的實(shí)施看話語標(biāo)記語的語用功能[J];外國語言文學(xué);2005年02期

10 李佐文;論插入句的信息提示功能[J];河北大學(xué)成人教育學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2001年01期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 李咸菊;北京口語常用話語標(biāo)記研究[D];北京語言大學(xué);2008年

，

本文編號：2243835