臺州方言中的漁喻詞匯研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-14 19:49
【摘要】：臺州方言中存在著一類特殊的詞匯,這些詞匯都與蟹、蝦、魚等水生動物相關(guān),并且具有固定的隱喻義。本文賦予這些詞匯一個全新的名稱——漁喻詞匯,但這里的“漁喻”特指“漁產(chǎn)品隱喻”,不涉及漁業(yè)生產(chǎn)工具等其它方面內(nèi)容。在日常交際中,臺州當(dāng)?shù)厝顺Ｊ褂眠@些漁喻詞匯來進(jìn)行思想與情感的交流,但卻從未有人對此現(xiàn)象做過具體描寫與分析。本文在較繁雜的文獻(xiàn)整理和田野調(diào)查的基礎(chǔ)上,共搜集了102個臺州方言漁喻詞匯,并以此作為研究對象,以語言人類學(xué)理論為依托,采用民族志學(xué)派的調(diào)查研究方法,文本與實證相結(jié)合,詳細(xì)描寫漁喻詞匯的感情色彩及其情感傾向規(guī)律,初步闡釋其隱喻認(rèn)知機制及認(rèn)知背景,以極富代表性的個案表現(xiàn)民俗文化對當(dāng)?shù)厝苏Z言思維和表達(dá)方式的深刻影響。 全文共包括六個部分,各章節(jié)具體內(nèi)容如下： 第一章緒論,交代了本文的研究背景、理論綜述,界定了新概念“漁喻詞匯”,說明了附錄詞匯表的有關(guān)內(nèi)容,并介紹了本文的研究路徑、方法與價值。本章為全文的研究基礎(chǔ)。 第二章詳細(xì)說明了漁喻詞匯現(xiàn)象的發(fā)現(xiàn)、搜集與整理過程。鑒于相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)記載的空白以及現(xiàn)象的重要性,本章重點記錄了漁喻詞匯的搜集過程,主要通過三種渠道,第一種為訪談式調(diào)查以直接獲取一手資料,第二種為窮盡式搜索地方志文獻(xiàn),第三種為撒網(wǎng)式瀏覽民俗文獻(xiàn)資料、民間文學(xué)作品等。搜集工作較為繁雜、瑣碎,整理獲得的漁喻詞匯共計102個。本章是對語料來源真實性與搜集工作原創(chuàng)性的說明。 第三章對搜集到的漁喻詞匯進(jìn)行描寫與分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)它們在情感傾向上具有一定的規(guī)律。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)蟹、蝦類漁喻詞匯的情感傾向為單維貶義傾向,魚類為雙維傾向,但有時褒貶可互相轉(zhuǎn)換。本章中,我們首先對蟹類、蝦類漁喻詞匯的概念義與比喻義進(jìn)行初步觀察,發(fā)現(xiàn)它們的比喻義的感情色彩基本為貶義。為了更加科學(xué)、確切地看到產(chǎn)生比喻義的比喻點情況及詞義情感傾向的規(guī)律,我們采用義素分析法,分別對蟹類、蝦類漁喻詞匯的概念義義素與比喻義義素進(jìn)行提煉與析出,其結(jié)果與初步觀察相符。 至于魚類漁喻詞匯的情感傾向情況則比較復(fù)雜,但語料事實仍能證明其規(guī)律性：如呈單向貶義情感傾向的漁喻詞匯隱喻本體有鰻魚、鰳魚、烏魚、黃鱔等；呈單向褒義情感傾向的,本體有黃魚、鯽魚；雙向情感傾向,即褒貶義互換情況,漁喻詞有有“鯧魚嘴”、“曬鲞”,隱喻本體有鯔魚、泥鰍、鯉魚等。原因則是由于人們的觀察角度不同繼而引發(fā)比喻點的選擇差異,最終引起了褒貶色彩的轉(zhuǎn)換。 第四章基于對蟹、蝦、魚類隱喻情感傾向及隱喻相似點的描寫與總結(jié),我們論證了臺州方言中其它水生動物的漁喻詞匯也基本呈現(xiàn)出相應(yīng)的規(guī)律。根據(jù)本體的屬性特征,我們將隱喻的相似點分為三類,分別為水生動物的生理特征,水生動物的生活習(xí)性,水生動物的加工食用特點。人們通過對本體屬性特征的觀察與了解,主觀附加了自己的情感態(tài)度與評價,產(chǎn)生了褒貶義傾向。而從喻體角度看,但凡反映現(xiàn)象、評價事物外觀特點的漁喻詞,其情感強度較為緩和,可歸為“弱情感”,但凡揭露事物本質(zhì)或者摻入了道德觀、價值觀評判的漁喻詞,其情感強度往往相對強烈,我們將其納入“強情感”類別。 這樣,我們可以將隱喻認(rèn)知機制過程分為兩步。第一步基于自然因素的相似點搭建,主要受漁業(yè)生態(tài)知識影響,這個過程人們較為客觀地從本體屬性特征著眼,不附加個人情感態(tài)度；第二步基于人文因素的褒／貶義情感附加及轉(zhuǎn)移,主要受到漁業(yè)傳統(tǒng)文化記憶的影響,對本體某屬性特征的情感映射轉(zhuǎn)移到喻體,激活了隱喻義。其中人文因素激發(fā)的情感,正是受到了當(dāng)?shù)鼐用駶O文化知識積累的影響。這一結(jié)論將作為漁喻詞匯的認(rèn)知背景在第五章進(jìn)行詳細(xì)解釋與論證。 第五章是對漁喻詞匯情感傾向的認(rèn)知背景進(jìn)行嘗試性解釋與調(diào)查驗證。根據(jù)前文所作的分析,我們得出漁文化知識積累正是決定這些隱喻詞匯產(chǎn)生定型化情感傾向的認(rèn)知基礎(chǔ)。而漁業(yè)生態(tài)知識與漁業(yè)文化傳統(tǒng)共同構(gòu)建了一個漁文化的知識框架,在當(dāng)?shù)鼐用裰兄饾u凝固記憶與共享,對“蟹”、“蝦”、“魚”等水生動物種類也產(chǎn)生了固定的情感傾向。本章先通過文本調(diào)查,從臺州諺語、地方戲劇目等資料查找相應(yīng)的漁文化知識積累背景,再對當(dāng)?shù)鼐用襁M(jìn)行關(guān)于臺州現(xiàn)實生活中漁文化知識積累情況的調(diào)查,力求能更好地證明漁文化知識背景對方言區(qū)語言思維與表達(dá)方式形成的重要性。 第六章是本文的結(jié)語部分,總結(jié)了本文的主要觀點,并指出研究的不足。 本文“漁喻詞匯”概念的提出、語料的歸納與規(guī)律的總結(jié)皆為原創(chuàng),是一個語言人類學(xué)面相的民俗學(xué)調(diào)查與研究,為語言與民俗文化的關(guān)系,乃至語言與文化、思維的關(guān)系提供一個鮮明的例證,同時也為方言、民俗文化的保護與傳承貢獻(xiàn)一份力,具有一定的理論和現(xiàn)實意義。
[Abstract]:There is a special kind of vocabulary in Taizhou dialect, which is related to crabs, shrimps, fishes and other aquatic animals, and has a fixed metaphorical meaning. This paper gives these vocabulary a new name-fishing metaphor vocabulary, but here "fishing metaphor" refers to "fishing product metaphor" and does not involve other aspects of fishery production tools. In daily communication, Taizhou local people often use these fishing metaphor words to communicate their thoughts and feelings, but no one has ever made a specific description and analysis of this phenomenon.Based on the more complicated literature collation and field investigation, this paper collects 102 fishing metaphor words of Taizhou dialect, and takes them as the research object, taking linguistic anthropology as the research object. Relying on the theory and adopting the ethnographic school's investigation and research methods, the text combines with empirical research to describe in detail the emotional color and emotional tendencies of fishing metaphor vocabulary, and to preliminarily explain its cognitive mechanism and cognitive background of metaphor, so as to show the profound influence of folk culture on the thinking and expression of local language in a representative case.
The full text includes six parts. The specific contents of each chapter are as follows:
The first chapter is the introduction, which explains the research background, theoretical review, defines the new concept of "fishing metaphor vocabulary", explains the relevant contents of the appendix vocabulary, and introduces the research path, methods and values of this paper.
In the second chapter, the discovery, collection and collation of fishing metaphor vocabulary are described in detail. In view of the gap in the relevant literature and the importance of the phenomenon, this chapter focuses on recording the collection process of fishing metaphor vocabulary, mainly through three channels, the first is to obtain first-hand information through interviews, the second is to search local chronicles exhaustively. There are 102 fishing metaphor vocabulary collected in a complicated and trivial way. This chapter explains the authenticity of the corpus and the originality of the collection work.
The third chapter describes and analyzes the collected fishing metaphor words, and finds that they have certain rules in the emotional inclination. We find that the emotional inclination of crab and shrimp fishing metaphor words is one-dimensional derogatory inclination, fish is two-dimensional inclination, but sometimes praise and derogatory can be converted to each other. The preliminary observation of metaphorical meanings reveals that the emotional color of their metaphorical meanings is basically derogatory. In order to find out more scientifically and accurately the situation of metaphorical points producing metaphorical meanings and the law of emotional tendencies of word meanings, we use sememe analysis to refine and analyze the conceptual sememes and metaphorical sememes of crabs and shrimps respectively. The result is consistent with the preliminary observation.
As for the emotional tendencies of fishing metaphor words, they are more complicated, but the corpus facts can still prove their regularity: for example, the metaphorical noumenon of fishing metaphor words with one-way derogatory emotional tendencies includes eel, eel, mud fish, eel, yellow eel, yellow eel, yellow carp, yellow carp, yellow carp, and two-way emotional tendencies, that is, the exchange of praise and derogatory meanings, fishing metaphorical noumenon, etc. The metaphor noumenon is mullet, loach, carp and so on. The reason is that the choice of the metaphor point is different because of the different observation angle, which finally causes the change of the praise and derogation color.
In the fourth chapter, based on the description and summary of the metaphorical emotional tendency and similarities of crabs, shrimps and fishes, we demonstrate that the fishing metaphor vocabulary of other aquatic animals in Taizhou dialect also shows corresponding laws. People attach their emotional attitudes and evaluations subjectively to the observation and understanding of the characteristics of the noumenon attributes, resulting in a tendency of praise and derogation. However, from the perspective of metaphor, the emotional intensity of the metaphors which reflect the phenomena and evaluate the appearance of things is relatively relaxed and can be classified as "weak". Emotions, however, are often relatively strong when they reveal the nature of things or are mixed with moral values and judgments of values. We classify them as strong emotions.
In this way, we can divide the cognitive mechanism of metaphor into two steps. The first step is to build similarities based on natural factors, which are mainly influenced by fishery ecological knowledge. Influenced by the memory of traditional fishery culture, the emotional mapping of a certain attribute of the noumenon is transferred to the metaphor and the metaphorical meaning is activated.
The fifth chapter is an attempt to explain and verify the cognitive background of the emotional tendency of fishing metaphor vocabulary. According to the previous analysis, we conclude that the accumulation of fishing culture knowledge is the cognitive basis that determines the stereotyped emotional tendency of these metaphorical words. The knowledge framework gradually solidifies the memory and sharing among the local residents and produces a fixed emotional tendency towards the aquatic animals such as crabs, shrimps and fish. The investigation on the accumulation of fishery cultural knowledge in real life tries to prove the importance of fishery cultural knowledge background to the formation of linguistic thinking and expression in dialectal areas.
The sixth chapter is the concluding part of this article, summarizing the main points of this article and pointing out the deficiency of the research.
The concept of "fishing metaphor vocabulary" is put forward in this paper. The summary of corpus and laws is originality. It is a folklore investigation and Research on the aspect of linguistic anthropology. It provides a vivid example for the relationship between language and folklore culture, even between language and culture, thinking. It also contributes to the protection and inheritance of dialect and Folklore culture. A force has certain theoretical and practical significance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H173
本文編號：2243699
[Abstract]:There is a special kind of vocabulary in Taizhou dialect, which is related to crabs, shrimps, fishes and other aquatic animals, and has a fixed metaphorical meaning. This paper gives these vocabulary a new name-fishing metaphor vocabulary, but here "fishing metaphor" refers to "fishing product metaphor" and does not involve other aspects of fishery production tools. In daily communication, Taizhou local people often use these fishing metaphor words to communicate their thoughts and feelings, but no one has ever made a specific description and analysis of this phenomenon.Based on the more complicated literature collation and field investigation, this paper collects 102 fishing metaphor words of Taizhou dialect, and takes them as the research object, taking linguistic anthropology as the research object. Relying on the theory and adopting the ethnographic school's investigation and research methods, the text combines with empirical research to describe in detail the emotional color and emotional tendencies of fishing metaphor vocabulary, and to preliminarily explain its cognitive mechanism and cognitive background of metaphor, so as to show the profound influence of folk culture on the thinking and expression of local language in a representative case.
The full text includes six parts. The specific contents of each chapter are as follows:
The first chapter is the introduction, which explains the research background, theoretical review, defines the new concept of "fishing metaphor vocabulary", explains the relevant contents of the appendix vocabulary, and introduces the research path, methods and values of this paper.
In the second chapter, the discovery, collection and collation of fishing metaphor vocabulary are described in detail. In view of the gap in the relevant literature and the importance of the phenomenon, this chapter focuses on recording the collection process of fishing metaphor vocabulary, mainly through three channels, the first is to obtain first-hand information through interviews, the second is to search local chronicles exhaustively. There are 102 fishing metaphor vocabulary collected in a complicated and trivial way. This chapter explains the authenticity of the corpus and the originality of the collection work.
The third chapter describes and analyzes the collected fishing metaphor words, and finds that they have certain rules in the emotional inclination. We find that the emotional inclination of crab and shrimp fishing metaphor words is one-dimensional derogatory inclination, fish is two-dimensional inclination, but sometimes praise and derogatory can be converted to each other. The preliminary observation of metaphorical meanings reveals that the emotional color of their metaphorical meanings is basically derogatory. In order to find out more scientifically and accurately the situation of metaphorical points producing metaphorical meanings and the law of emotional tendencies of word meanings, we use sememe analysis to refine and analyze the conceptual sememes and metaphorical sememes of crabs and shrimps respectively. The result is consistent with the preliminary observation.
As for the emotional tendencies of fishing metaphor words, they are more complicated, but the corpus facts can still prove their regularity: for example, the metaphorical noumenon of fishing metaphor words with one-way derogatory emotional tendencies includes eel, eel, mud fish, eel, yellow eel, yellow eel, yellow carp, yellow carp, yellow carp, and two-way emotional tendencies, that is, the exchange of praise and derogatory meanings, fishing metaphorical noumenon, etc. The metaphor noumenon is mullet, loach, carp and so on. The reason is that the choice of the metaphor point is different because of the different observation angle, which finally causes the change of the praise and derogation color.
In the fourth chapter, based on the description and summary of the metaphorical emotional tendency and similarities of crabs, shrimps and fishes, we demonstrate that the fishing metaphor vocabulary of other aquatic animals in Taizhou dialect also shows corresponding laws. People attach their emotional attitudes and evaluations subjectively to the observation and understanding of the characteristics of the noumenon attributes, resulting in a tendency of praise and derogation. However, from the perspective of metaphor, the emotional intensity of the metaphors which reflect the phenomena and evaluate the appearance of things is relatively relaxed and can be classified as "weak". Emotions, however, are often relatively strong when they reveal the nature of things or are mixed with moral values and judgments of values. We classify them as strong emotions.
In this way, we can divide the cognitive mechanism of metaphor into two steps. The first step is to build similarities based on natural factors, which are mainly influenced by fishery ecological knowledge. Influenced by the memory of traditional fishery culture, the emotional mapping of a certain attribute of the noumenon is transferred to the metaphor and the metaphorical meaning is activated.
The fifth chapter is an attempt to explain and verify the cognitive background of the emotional tendency of fishing metaphor vocabulary. According to the previous analysis, we conclude that the accumulation of fishing culture knowledge is the cognitive basis that determines the stereotyped emotional tendency of these metaphorical words. The knowledge framework gradually solidifies the memory and sharing among the local residents and produces a fixed emotional tendency towards the aquatic animals such as crabs, shrimps and fish. The investigation on the accumulation of fishery cultural knowledge in real life tries to prove the importance of fishery cultural knowledge background to the formation of linguistic thinking and expression in dialectal areas.
The sixth chapter is the concluding part of this article, summarizing the main points of this article and pointing out the deficiency of the research.
The concept of "fishing metaphor vocabulary" is put forward in this paper. The summary of corpus and laws is originality. It is a folklore investigation and Research on the aspect of linguistic anthropology. It provides a vivid example for the relationship between language and folklore culture, even between language and culture, thinking. It also contributes to the protection and inheritance of dialect and Folklore culture. A force has certain theoretical and practical significance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H173
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