【摘要】：人際稱謂系統(tǒng)與人類關(guān)系密切,它是人類社會(huì)經(jīng)年累月形成的規(guī)則和長(zhǎng)期約定俗成的習(xí)慣相輔相成的產(chǎn)物,因此在一定的歷史時(shí)期內(nèi)具有極大的穩(wěn)定性。①我們有可能也有必要對(duì)漢語(yǔ)稱謂詞語(yǔ)進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)地研究,探求特定歷史時(shí)期稱謂詞語(yǔ)的特性,及其中蘊(yùn)含的民族心理和文化內(nèi)涵。 本文以清代小說(shuō)《儒林外史》為研究對(duì)象,對(duì)語(yǔ)料中的自稱和對(duì)稱稱呼語(yǔ)進(jìn)行窮盡性地搜索,并按稱呼語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容分為人稱代詞稱呼語(yǔ)、身份關(guān)系類稱呼語(yǔ)、擬親屬稱呼語(yǔ)、姓名稱呼語(yǔ)等,通過(guò)對(duì)這些稱呼語(yǔ)的分類說(shuō)明,幫助我們了解明清時(shí)期稱呼語(yǔ)的使用狀況及特點(diǎn),進(jìn)一步分析稱呼語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)用特點(diǎn)和文化內(nèi)涵,展現(xiàn)了稱呼語(yǔ)的時(shí)代特征,具有詞匯學(xué)、語(yǔ)用學(xué)、文化學(xué)方面的意義。 對(duì)稱呼語(yǔ)進(jìn)行分類整理之后會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn),《儒林外史》中人稱代詞的使用集中為“我、你”兩詞,分別出現(xiàn)2385例和1962例,具體語(yǔ)境中人稱代詞的選擇與雙方的身份地位密切相關(guān)；身份關(guān)系類稱呼語(yǔ)則體現(xiàn)為重等級(jí)、官本位的特點(diǎn),下對(duì)上以官稱為主,自稱時(shí)則使用表示自謙自卑的各種詞語(yǔ),等級(jí)尊卑的差別貫穿始終；擬親屬稱呼語(yǔ)多用“弟”自稱,用“兄”對(duì)稱；姓名稱呼語(yǔ)用例較少。 從以上的分析可以看出,中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化中的“禮”“敬”在稱呼語(yǔ)中有明顯的痕跡。雖然士子熱衷于科舉這條道路,但卻因科舉制度的腐朽和落后,無(wú)法培養(yǎng)出真正的人才,儒林中充斥著大批不學(xué)無(wú)術(shù)、游手好閑之徒,科舉制度已經(jīng)岌岌可危了。當(dāng)時(shí)女性地位低下,處處受到壓制,沒(méi)有權(quán)利和自由。
[Abstract]:The interpersonal appellation system is closely related to human beings. It is the product of the rules formed over the years and the habits established by human society. Therefore, there is great stability in a certain historical period. It is possible and necessary for us to study Chinese appellation words systematically, to explore the characteristics of appellation words in a specific historical period, and the national psychology and cultural connotations contained therein. Based on the novels of Qing Dynasty, "the History of Confucianism", this paper makes an exhaustive search of the self-proclaimed and symmetric address terms in the corpus, and divides them into personal pronoun address, identity relation type address and pseudo kinship address according to the content of the address. Through the classification and explanation of these address forms, this paper helps us to understand the usage and characteristics of address terms during the Ming and Qing dynasties, to further analyze the pragmatic characteristics and cultural connotations of address terms, and to show the epoch characteristics of address terms. It has the meaning of lexicology, pragmatics and culturology. After sorting out the address forms, we can find that the usage of personal pronouns in the History of Confucianism is concentrated on "I, you", 2385 cases and 1962 cases, respectively. The choice of pronouns in specific context is closely related to the status of both parties. The identity relation type forms of address are embodied in the emphasis on rank, the characteristic of official standard, the lower part is the official name mainly, and when claiming oneself, all kinds of words are used to express self-abasement and inferiority, the difference of rank and inferiority runs through all the time, and the pseudo kinship address often uses "younger brother" to call himself "brother". The use of "brother" symmetry; name address pragmatic examples are less. From the above analysis, we can see that "Li" and "Jing" in Chinese traditional culture have obvious trace in address. Although the scholars are keen on the road of imperial examination, they are unable to cultivate real talents because of the decay and backwardness of the imperial examination system. The Confucian forest is full of a large number of uneducated and idle people, and the imperial examination system is already in jeopardy. At that time, the status of women was low, everywhere was suppressed, no rights and freedoms.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：H134

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