【摘要】：一個(gè)民族的語言詞匯系統(tǒng)能夠最直接、最敏感地反映該民族的文化價(jià)值取向。顏色詞，作為人類語言龐大詞匯系統(tǒng)中不可缺少的一部分，廣泛地滲透在人們生活的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域中。一方面，語言使用者可以將顏色詞直接用于對(duì)事物顏色的客觀描述；另一方面，語言使用者可以借助顏色詞的內(nèi)涵意義間接表達(dá)出對(duì)人、事物或者事件的感情投入和主觀認(rèn)識(shí)。 正是因?yàn)轭伾~與人類生活之間存在這樣一種密不可分的聯(lián)系以及顏色詞本身具備這樣一種特殊的用法，國內(nèi)外學(xué)者們一直將顏色詞作為他們的熱點(diǎn)研究對(duì)象之一。事實(shí)上，早從兩千多年前起，國內(nèi)外學(xué)者便開始了對(duì)顏色詞的研究，只是他們在對(duì)研究角度或者研究內(nèi)容的選取上有所差別。集中看來，其中最顯著、最主流的研究視角和研究內(nèi)容包括：從生物學(xué)角度闡釋顏色詞的產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展；從人類學(xué)角度闡釋顏色詞的民族差異性；從語言學(xué)角度闡釋顏色詞的語義內(nèi)涵。而本文將利用評(píng)價(jià)理論，從語言學(xué)視角對(duì)顏色詞的人際意義進(jìn)行探究。 J. R. Martin在上世紀(jì)90年代提出了以詞匯為中心的“評(píng)價(jià)系統(tǒng)”——系統(tǒng)功能語言學(xué)框架下一個(gè)關(guān)于人際意義的資源系統(tǒng)。在整個(gè)評(píng)價(jià)系統(tǒng)中，起核心作用的是態(tài)度子系統(tǒng)，其揭示出：語言使用者是如何利用對(duì)態(tài)度評(píng)價(jià)資源進(jìn)行有意識(shí)或潛意識(shí)的選擇來表達(dá)對(duì)所描述對(duì)象（物、人、事）的態(tài)度或評(píng)價(jià)的。然而，在《評(píng)估語言》一書中，Martin和White只重點(diǎn)探討了典型的顯、隱性評(píng)價(jià)資源，對(duì)韓禮德曾經(jīng)提到的“內(nèi)涵性詞匯”這樣一種特殊人際資源未作系統(tǒng)劃分。這就給我們提出了一些疑問：內(nèi)涵性詞匯到底是如何表現(xiàn)態(tài)度人際意義的呢？這種人際資源的特殊之處體現(xiàn)在哪些方面呢？ 本文擬以評(píng)價(jià)理論為基本理論框架，從語言學(xué)視角出發(fā)，對(duì)英漢顏色詞這種在特定語境下會(huì)產(chǎn)生內(nèi)涵意義的詞匯進(jìn)行態(tài)度人際意義對(duì)比分析。其重點(diǎn)研究的目標(biāo)顏色詞包括：黑色、白色、紅色、黃色、綠色、藍(lán)色和紫色。中文語料來源于北京大學(xué)中國語言學(xué)研究中心；英文語料來源于現(xiàn)代英漢綜合大詞典。 全文旨在解答以下三個(gè)問題： (1)目標(biāo)英漢顏色詞在特定語境下是如何體現(xiàn)各自的態(tài)度人際意義的？ (2)目標(biāo)英漢顏色詞的評(píng)價(jià)潛勢與典型的評(píng)價(jià)資源相比，有什么特殊性？ (3)目標(biāo)英漢顏色詞的在特定語境下體現(xiàn)出的態(tài)度人際意義之間有什么相同點(diǎn)和不同點(diǎn)？ 在語料分析部分，我們依據(jù)語篇連貫原則，聯(lián)系上下文，適當(dāng)聯(lián)系英漢顏色詞聯(lián)想意義的文化來源或者隱喻來源，對(duì)特定語境中的目標(biāo)顏色詞進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的態(tài)度人際意義分析。 通過細(xì)致的語料分析，我們可以得出以下幾點(diǎn)結(jié)論： 1.顏色詞在發(fā)揮評(píng)價(jià)潛勢時(shí)，具有很強(qiáng)的文化依賴性。每種顏色詞在不同文化中具備的不同估值導(dǎo)致了每種顏色詞在不同語言評(píng)價(jià)系統(tǒng)中的不同定位。 2.與典型的評(píng)價(jià)資源相比，顏色詞的評(píng)價(jià)意義傳達(dá)更依賴于語境，尤其是社會(huì)文化語境。與典型的評(píng)價(jià)資源相比，顏色詞的評(píng)價(jià)意義潛勢更大——同一顏色詞在不同的語篇語境下有可能被劃分在不同的態(tài)度子系統(tǒng)下：情感、判斷和鑒賞。與典型的評(píng)價(jià)資源相比，顏色詞在起評(píng)價(jià)作用時(shí)，，涉及的句式不那么靈活多樣。 3.說到共同點(diǎn)，中文語篇和英文語篇中的顏色詞都能起到判斷或鑒賞的評(píng)價(jià)作用。說到不同點(diǎn)，比起中文語篇中的顏色詞，英文語篇中的顏色詞具備更大的評(píng)價(jià)潛勢——除了能夠充當(dāng)判斷和鑒賞資源，還能充當(dāng)情感資源，幫助作者/說話者構(gòu)建情感；一種顏色詞的評(píng)估價(jià)值（或正面或負(fù)面），在自身文化背景下一般是固定的，但是有可能隨著文化背景的改變而改變——某些顏色詞在中文語篇中起正面的評(píng)價(jià)作用，卻在英文語篇中起負(fù)面的評(píng)價(jià)作用；即使某顏色詞在中文語篇和英文語篇中的整體評(píng)估價(jià)值可能產(chǎn)生一致，但是它們的具體評(píng)價(jià)意義卻很少發(fā)生重疊。
[Abstract]:Color words, as an indispensable part of the huge vocabulary system of human language, are widely permeated in all fields of people's life. On the one hand, language users can use color words directly to the object of color. On the other hand, language users can indirectly express their emotional involvement and subjective understanding of people, things or events by means of the connotative meaning of color words.
It is precisely because of such an inseparable link between color words and human life and the special usage of color words themselves that scholars at home and abroad have always regarded color words as one of their hot research subjects. The most prominent and mainstream research perspectives and contents are as follows: interpreting the origin and development of color words from a biological point of view; interpreting the ethnic differences of color words from an anthropological point of view; and interpreting the semantics of color words from a linguistic point of view. This paper will use the theory of evaluation to explore the interpersonal meaning of color words from a linguistic perspective.
In the 1990s, J.R. Martin proposed a lexical-centered "evaluation system" - a resource system for interpersonal meaning under the framework of Systemic Functional Linguistics. However, in the book Evaluation Language, Martin and White only focus on typical explicit and implicit evaluation resources, and do not systematically classify the special interpersonal resources that Halliday once referred to as "connotative words". Some questions are raised: how does connotative vocabulary express attitudinal interpersonal meaning? What are the special aspects of this interpersonal resource?
Based on the appraisal theory, this paper makes a contrastive analysis of attitudinal and interpersonal meanings of English and Chinese color words, which have connotative meanings in specific contexts from the perspective of linguistics. The Chinese Linguistics Research Center of Beijing University; the English corpus is derived from the modern English Chinese comprehensive dictionary.
The full text aims to answer the following three questions:
(1) how do target English and Chinese color words embody their attitudes and interpersonal meanings in specific contexts?
(2) what is special about the evaluation potential of target color words in English and Chinese compared with the typical evaluation resources?
(3) What are the similarities and differences between the attitudinal interpersonal meanings of target English and Chinese color words in specific contexts?
In the part of corpus analysis, according to the principle of text coherence, context, cultural or metaphorical sources of associative meanings of English and Chinese color words, we analyze the interpersonal attitudinal meanings of target color words in specific contexts.
Through careful corpus analysis, we can draw the following conclusions:
1. Color words have a strong cultural dependence when they exert their evaluation potential. The different valuations of each color word in different cultures lead to the different localization of each color word in different language evaluation systems.
2. Compared with the typical evaluation resources, the evaluation meaning of color words is more dependent on the context, especially the socio-cultural context. Compared with the typical evaluation resources, the evaluation meaning of color words has a greater potential. The same color words may be divided into different attitude subsystems in different text contexts: emotion, judgment and appreciation. Compared with the typical evaluation resources, the sentence patterns involved in the evaluation of color words are less flexible.
3. When it comes to the common ground, color words in both Chinese and English texts can be used to judge and appreciate. On the other hand, color words in English texts have a greater evaluation potential than color words in Chinese texts. Besides serving as judgement and appreciation resources, color words in English texts can also serve as emotional resources to help writers/speakers. The evaluation value (positive or negative) of a color word is generally fixed in its own cultural background, but it may change with the change of cultural background - some color words play a positive role in Chinese discourse, but they play a negative role in English discourse; even if a color word in Chinese discourse. The overall appraisal values in English and Chinese texts may be consistent, but their specific Appraisal Meanings rarely overlap.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：H136;H313

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