【摘要】：許慎在編撰《說文解字》時(shí)，從9353個(gè)字形中分析其構(gòu)形，按照義類歸納出540部，然后各部選一個(gè)字形來統(tǒng)領(lǐng)各自大義類的字，稱為“部首”，比如跟水相關(guān)的漢字歸屬“水”部，跟狩獵有關(guān)的漢字歸屬“犬”部，跟動(dòng)作相關(guān)的漢字歸屬“手”部等，條理清晰，綱舉目張，，這是漢字研究史上的偉大創(chuàng)舉。 許慎將9353個(gè)漢字歸納成540部，逐一分析形體，解釋字義，這540部字“近取諸身，遠(yuǎn)取諸物”，是對(duì)社會(huì)、自然狀況全面觀察的反映。可以分為六大類：人體類字97部、動(dòng)物類字61部、植物類字31部、自然界類字37部、器用類字180部、數(shù)目類字34部。許慎所創(chuàng)造的分部首列字、檢字、析字的方法，規(guī)律性、系統(tǒng)性、實(shí)用性都很強(qiáng)，成為歷代辭書的通例，至今仍然如此。 許慎對(duì)這540部首的編排做了精心地設(shè)計(jì)，本文就著重探討了這540部首排序的問題。 本文共分為四章，第一章對(duì)《說文解字》和這540部首做了簡要介紹，許慎雖為古文經(jīng)學(xué)家，但不可避免地受到東漢流行的易學(xué)讖緯觀念的某些影響。所以第一章第三節(jié)簡要介紹了《說文》一書的成書背景，也就是兩漢的古今文之爭對(duì)許慎的影響，而第四節(jié)則詳盡地闡述了陰陽讖緯對(duì)部首編排的影響。第二章介紹了秦漢時(shí)期重要字書的字序，這些書對(duì)于許慎的部首編排是有所啟發(fā)的。許慎整個(gè)《說文》的編排不論是部首還是屬字都是煞費(fèi)了苦心的，本文前兩章試圖從宏觀的角度來說明《說文》部首的次第問題。第三章從各個(gè)微觀的角度詳細(xì)闡述了這540部首的編排情況，第四章則對(duì)部首的排序做了逐一地說明。最后一章是對(duì)整個(gè)論文的總結(jié)。
[Abstract]:When Xu Shen compiled Shuowen Jie Zi, he analyzed its configuration from 9353 characters and summed up 540 parts according to the category of meanings. Then each department selected a font to control the characters of their respective meanings, which were called "radicals." For example, the Chinese characters related to water belong to the "water" department, the Chinese characters related to hunting belong to the "dog" department, and the Chinese characters related to the movement belong to the "hand" department, which is a great pioneering undertaking in the history of Chinese character research. Xu Shen summed up 9353 Chinese characters into 540 parts, analyzed the body one by one, and explained the meaning of the characters. The 540 characters "take the body near and take the things far" are a reflection of the overall observation of the society and the natural situation. It can be divided into six categories: 97 human characters, 61 animal characters, 31 plant characters, 37 natural characters, 180 instrumental characters and 34 numerals. The method, regularity, systematicness and practicability created by Xu Shen to write, check and analyze characters have become the general rules of dictionaries of the past dynasties, and they are still so. Xu Shen carefully designed the arrangement of the 540 ministries. This paper is divided into four chapters. The first chapter briefly introduces Shuo Wen Jie Zi and these 540 heads. Although Xu Shen is an ancient prose economist, he is inevitably influenced by the popular idea of Yi learning prophecy in the Eastern Han Dynasty. So the first chapter, the third section, briefly introduces the background of the book, that is, the influence of the ancient and modern texts of Han Dynasty on Xu Shen, and the fourth section elaborates the influence of Yin and Yang prophecies on the arrangement of the radical. The second chapter introduces the word order of the important characters in Qin and Han dynasties, which are enlightening for Xu Shen's radical arrangement. The arrangement of Xu Shen's whole "Shuo Wen" is painstaking, no matter the radical or the character. The first two chapters of this paper try to explain the second problem of "Shuowen" from a macroscopic angle. The third chapter elaborates the arrangement of the 540 parts from each microscopic angle, and the fourth chapter explains the order of the radical one by one. The last chapter is a summary of the whole paper.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：青海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：H161

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