【摘要】：名詞和動詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化,在上古漢語里是一種常見的語言現(xiàn)象。一般而言,都認為是詞類活用。這種現(xiàn)象很早就引起了學者們的注意。這方面的研究成果也非常豐富。 本文以上古漢語中從名詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來的動詞為研究對象。采用菲爾墨的格語法理論,根據(jù)名詞在句中所處的格角色,從而劃分轉(zhuǎn)化后的動詞類型。在這方面,產(chǎn)生比較深遠影響的是Eve V. Clark; Herbert H. Clark(1979)的研究。他們把轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞的名詞稱作起源名詞(parent nouns/source nouns);把轉(zhuǎn)化后的動詞稱作名源動詞(denominal verbs)。根據(jù)起源名詞在句中格角色的不同,把名源動詞分為九類,分別是：位移動詞(Locatum verbs)、方位動詞(Location verbs)、持續(xù)動詞(Duration verbs);施事動詞(Agent verbs)、感受者動詞(experiencer verbs);終點動詞(Gole verbs)、源點動詞(Source verbs);工具動詞(Instrument verbs);混雜類動詞(Miscellaneous verbs)。 本文廣泛調(diào)查了上古幾十種語料,這些語料以先秦時期的為主,以兩漢時期的為輔。根據(jù)我們的研究,在上古漢語中只有六類：即位移動詞,方位動詞,施事動詞,終點動詞,工具動詞,還有混雜類動詞中的元素類。本文在各類別中,分別列舉典型例證,并且作了一定的分析。 緊接著探討了各類型名源動詞的層級性,認為上古漢語名源動詞的層級與現(xiàn)代漢語不同,并且分析了原因。最后還談了各類別之間的關(guān)系,比如說施事動詞與終點動詞有時會出現(xiàn)兼類的情況。這種兼類實質(zhì)體現(xiàn)的是施受關(guān)系的轉(zhuǎn)變。
[Abstract]:The transformation between nouns and verbs is a common linguistic phenomenon in ancient Chinese. In general, it is believed that parts of speech are useful. This phenomenon has long attracted the attention of scholars. This aspect of research results are also very rich. In this paper, the verbs transformed from nouns in ancient Chinese are studied. According to the case grammar theory of Phyllmer, the transformed verb is classified according to the role of noun in the sentence. In this regard, the more far-reaching impact of the Eve V. Clark; Herbert H. Clark (1979). They call the nouns that have been transformed into verbs as the noun of origin. (parent nouns/source nouns); the transformed verb is called the noun source verb (denominal verbs). According to the different roles of the noun in the sentence, the noun source verbs are divided into nine categories. They are: displacement verb (Locatum verbs), orientation verb (Location verbs), continuous verb (Duration verbs); agent verb (Agent verbs), acceptor verb (experiencer verbs); end verb (Gole verbs), source verb (Source verbs); tool verb (Instrument verbs); hybrid verb (Miscellaneous verbs). This paper investigates dozens of ancient Chinese corpus, mainly in the pre-Qin period, supplemented by the Han Dynasty. According to our research, there are only six kinds of verbs in ancient Chinese: displacement verb, azimuth verb, agent verb, terminal verb, tool verb, and element class in hybrid verb. In each category, this paper enumerates the typical examples and makes some analysis. Then it discusses the hierarchical nature of each type of noun source verb, and points out that the hierarchy of noun source verb in ancient Chinese is different from that in modern Chinese, and the reasons are analyzed. Finally, the relationship between different types is discussed, such as the occurrence of both the agent verb and the terminal verb. The essence of this kind is the transformation of the relationship between giving and receiving.
【學位授予單位】：北京大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H141

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