【摘要】：《山海經(jīng)》是上古時(shí)期的一部重要文獻(xiàn)。書中主要記載山脈分布、河流的走勢(shì)、郡國(guó)的地理位置等,用到了大量表達(dá)空間范疇的方位詞。但現(xiàn)有研究多選取書中部分例證,對(duì)全書的方位詞作全面系統(tǒng)研究的較少。因此選擇《山海經(jīng)》方位詞為研究對(duì)象,進(jìn)行窮盡性考察,并作共時(shí)歷時(shí)比較研究和認(rèn)知分析,以展示《山海經(jīng)》方位詞在方位詞發(fā)展中的地位和價(jià)值。 文章共分四部分。 緒論部分主要對(duì)研究概況、選題意義、《山海經(jīng)》的內(nèi)容及研究所用底本和研究方法作了說明。 第二部分從方位詞界定入手,對(duì)《山海經(jīng)》方位詞進(jìn)行窮盡性地統(tǒng)計(jì),從語(yǔ)義、語(yǔ)法功能兩方面進(jìn)行靜態(tài)描寫,觀察《山海經(jīng)》方位詞系統(tǒng)的全貌。 第三部分將《山海經(jīng)》與同具地理性質(zhì)的文獻(xiàn)《尚書·禹貢》、《穆天子傳》、《淮南子·地形訓(xùn)》進(jìn)行比較研究,分析《山海經(jīng)》方位詞的特點(diǎn)。 第四部分對(duì)《山海經(jīng)》方位詞進(jìn)行認(rèn)知分析。 通過研究可知,《山海經(jīng)》方位詞數(shù)量較多,語(yǔ)義以表空間意義為主,能充當(dāng)?shù)恼Z(yǔ)法成分多且靈活多變,以作狀語(yǔ)為主。搭配的詞類較多,其中與之搭配的名詞范圍大為擴(kuò)展。方位詞未有表等級(jí)或地位的隱喻義,可作為該書具有明顯地理性質(zhì)的佐證。詞義豐富,語(yǔ)義指向上有泛化趨勢(shì)。語(yǔ)義具有自足性,大都可單獨(dú)作狀語(yǔ),但也有用介詞來介引方向的用例,介詞結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)是表達(dá)方式上的變化與互補(bǔ)。成對(duì)方位詞應(yīng)用具有不對(duì)稱與不均衡性。從認(rèn)知角度分析《山海經(jīng)》方位詞可知,在空間參照定位中,敘述者對(duì)方位詞的選用與表達(dá)空間范圍寬窄、人類辨認(rèn)方向的可能性、是否與自身相關(guān)且事物對(duì)稱相關(guān),而參照物的選擇要具有確定性和已知性,避免交流上的誤差。信息接受者根據(jù)自身知識(shí)經(jīng)驗(yàn)對(duì)信息進(jìn)行解讀,對(duì)信息的理解具有主觀性。
[Abstract]:Shanhai Classic is an important document in ancient times. The book mainly records the distribution of mountains, the trend of rivers, the geographical location of county, etc. However, most of the existing studies have selected some examples from the book, and few of them have made a comprehensive and systematic study on the location of the book. Therefore, this paper chooses the location words of Shanhai Classic as the research object, makes exhaustive investigation, and makes the synchronic and diachronic comparative study and cognitive analysis to show the position and value of the azimuth words in the development of the orientation words in the Shanhai Classic. The article is divided into four parts. The introduction mainly explains the general situation of the research, the significance of the selected topic, the contents of the Mountain and Sea Classic, and the base book and research methods. The second part starts with the definition of azimuth words, makes exhaustive statistics on the locus words, describes them statically from semantic and grammatical functions, and observes the whole picture of the system of azimuth words in Shanhai Classic. The third part makes a comparative study of the Shanhai Classic and the literature of "Shangshu Yugong", "the Biography of Mu Tianzi" and "Huainan Zi", and analyzes the characteristics of the "Mountain and Sea Classic" orientation words. The fourth part carries on the cognitive analysis to the location word in Mountain and Sea Classic. Through the study, we can see that there are more azimuth words in Shanhai Classic, the semantic meaning is mainly in the form of space, the grammatical elements are many and flexible, and the adverbial is the main one. There are many parts of speech collocation, and the range of nouns collocated with them is greatly expanded. There is no metaphorical meaning of the rank or position of the locative words, which can be used as evidence of the obvious geographical nature of the book. The meaning of the word is rich, and the semantic direction has the tendency of generalization. Semantic self-sufficiency, most can be used as adverbial, but also useful prepositions to introduce the direction of use cases, preposition structure as adverbial is the expression of changes and complementary. The application of pairs of azimuth words is asymmetric and unbalanced. From the cognitive point of view, we can know that in the spatial reference positioning, the narrator's choice and expression of azimuth words have a wide range of space, and the possibility of human recognition direction is related to itself and things symmetrically. The choice of reference objects should be deterministic and known to avoid errors in communication. The information receiver interprets the information according to their own knowledge and experience, and the understanding of the information is subjective.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：H131

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