【摘要】：國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人在新年之際發(fā)表新年致辭已經(jīng)逐漸成為了一種慣例。新年致辭傳達(dá)了當(dāng)前國情及相關(guān)信息,表達(dá)了政府和最高領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度,鞏固了與公眾的關(guān)系,因而日漸重要,受到越來越多的關(guān)注。本文嘗試以Hasan的語類結(jié)構(gòu)潛勢理論為基礎(chǔ),以方琰于1998年總結(jié)出的語類結(jié)構(gòu)潛勢理論框架為模型,對中美兩國國家元首自2002年至2011年發(fā)布的各10篇新年致辭為語料進(jìn)行了語類結(jié)構(gòu)潛勢分析和對比,發(fā)現(xiàn)中國元首新年致辭包含17個(gè)成分,其中有14個(gè)必要成分,3個(gè)可選成分,并在此基礎(chǔ)上得出中國元首新年致辭的語類結(jié)構(gòu)潛勢。美國元首的新年致辭共包含14個(gè)成分,其中有5個(gè)必要成分,9個(gè)可選成分,并在此基礎(chǔ)上得出美國元首新年致辭的語類結(jié)構(gòu)潛勢。此后,作者對兩種新年致辭的語類結(jié)構(gòu)潛勢進(jìn)行了對比分析,試圖總結(jié)出其共同點(diǎn)和不同點(diǎn)。共同點(diǎn)主要表現(xiàn)在共同的交際目標(biāo)、語境配置與7個(gè)相同的結(jié)構(gòu)成分上。不同點(diǎn)主要在于:(1)整體而言,中國元首新年致辭比美國元首新年致辭更為正式且遵循固定不變的模式;(2)語境配置的語旨有所差異,中國元首的新年致辭針對的人群更廣泛,更具有國際性,而美國總統(tǒng)新年致辭針對的人群主要為美國民眾;(3)除去7個(gè)共同的結(jié)構(gòu)成分,兩類致辭有更多不同的結(jié)構(gòu)成分。中國元首新年致辭中必要成分多,占比例大,而美國總統(tǒng)新年致辭中可選成分多,比例大,也由此造成了(4)中國元首新年致辭的結(jié)構(gòu)成分的排列順序較之美國元首新年致辭的順序更為固定。最后,作者試圖對造成以上不同點(diǎn)的原因從歷史傳統(tǒng)和社會(huì)環(huán)境兩方面進(jìn)行了分析,認(rèn)為個(gè)人主義與集體主義的差別,權(quán)力距離大的文化與權(quán)力距離小的文化的差別是造成以上不同點(diǎn)的重要原因。鑒于對政治領(lǐng)袖新年致辭的語類研究較少,本研究希望能夠?qū)Υ俗龀鲇幸嫜a(bǔ)充,并能對政治類語篇的寫作與教學(xué)有一定啟發(fā)。
[Abstract]:It has become customary for national leaders to deliver New year's greetings on New year's Day. The New year's address conveyed the current state of the country and related messages, expressed the views and attitudes of the government and the supreme leaders, consolidated relations with the public, and became increasingly important and received more and more attention. This paper attempts to base on Hasan's theory of class structure potential, and takes the framework of class structure potential theory summarized by Fang Yan in 1998 as the model. This paper analyzes and compares the potential of the Chinese and American heads of state's 10 New year's speeches from 2002 to 2011. It is found that the Chinese head of State's New year's speech contains 17 components, 14 of which are essential and 3 optional. On this basis, the Chinese head of state's New year's speech structure potential. The New year's address of the American head of state consists of 14 components, of which 5 are necessary and 9 are optional. On the basis of this, the potential of the new year's speech of the American head of State is obtained. Then, the author makes a contrastive analysis of the structural potentials of the two New year's addresses, and tries to sum up their common points and differences. The common denominator is the common communicative goal, the context configuration and the seven same structural elements. The main differences are as follows: (1) on the whole, the Chinese head of state's New year's address is more formal than that of the United States' New year's speech and follows a fixed pattern; (2) there are differences in the meaning of the context, and the Chinese head of State's New year's speech is more widely targeted at a wide range of people. The president's New year's address was aimed mainly at the American people; (3) apart from the seven common structural elements, the two types of messages had more different structural components. The Chinese head of State has a large proportion of the necessary elements in his New year's address, while the US President has a large proportion of the optional elements in his New year's speech. As a result, (4) the order of the structural components of the Chinese head of state's New year's address is more fixed than that of the American head's New year's address. Finally, the author tries to analyze the causes of the above differences from the two aspects of historical tradition and social environment, and concludes the difference between individualism and collectivism. The difference between the culture with long power distance and the culture with small power distance is the important reason for the above differences. In view of the lack of linguistic studies on political leaders' New year's speeches, the present study hopes to provide a useful complement and enlighten on the writing and teaching of political discourse.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：H15;H315

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本文編號(hào)：2181258