發(fā)布時間：2018-08-12 11:09

【摘要】：具有數(shù)量繁多的量詞是漢語語法最鮮明的特征之一,目前學界對普通話量詞的研究已經(jīng)十分深入,但對方言量詞的研究并不多見。本文以湖南隆回方言為研究對象,運用描寫、比較、語義特征分析、語法化、語用學、認知語言學等相關理論對隆回方言156個量詞進行了分析與研究。希望能為學術(shù)界認識和了解隆回方言量詞提供語言研究材料,為漢語方言的深入研究及方言與普通話、方言與方言的比較提供一定的參考。 全文共分四大部分：第一部分是引言；第二部分是隆回方言量詞系統(tǒng)研究；第三部分是隆回方言量詞個案研究；第四部分是對第二、三部分的總結(jié)與展望。文章后附錄隆回方言量詞名詞配合表。 在論文第二部分主要介紹了隆回方言量詞的特殊語法特征。隆回方言量詞與數(shù)詞組成的“數(shù)量”結(jié)構(gòu)可附后綴“崽[tsei~(31)]”與結(jié)構(gòu)助詞“噠[t(?)~(31)]”構(gòu)成“量+噠[t(?)~(31)]+量”結(jié)構(gòu)表示“周遍性、連續(xù)性與多量”。表達主觀大量主要有兩種情況：①容器量詞可依靠音節(jié)來區(qū)分客觀量與主觀大量；②利用“量+噠[t(?)~(31)]+量”結(jié)構(gòu)。表達主觀小量也有兩種情況：①利用“量+把”與“量+把+兩+量”結(jié)構(gòu)；②利用不定量詞“Ur[ti(?)]”�！坝�+量+名+形容詞”與“像+量+名”是兩個與量詞有關的特殊句式,前者表示比較,后者表示比擬。能進入“有+量+名+形容詞”句式的形容詞只有9個,即“大、高、寬、長、粗、深、厚、重、遠”。此外,文中詳細地描寫了三組特殊的、隆回方言特有的量詞。 第一組是“罷[(?)~(24]、積[t∫l~(35)]、挾[kiε~(55)]、b鋄k‘(?)~(55)]、捻[le~(35)]、挲[s(?)~(35)]、也[i(?)~(31)]、捶[d(?)y~(13)]、擔[da~(35)]、抱[b(?)u24]、轉(zhuǎn)[t∫yε~(35)]、到[t(?)u~(35)]、趕[ka~(31)]”。這一組量詞都來源于動詞,與數(shù)詞、名詞組成的數(shù)量名結(jié)構(gòu)往往做來源動詞的賓語。 第二組是“鼎[tia~(31)]、排[p‘a(chǎn)i~(31)]、蔸[tie~(55)]、皮[bi~(13)]、筒[dγη~(13)]、邊[plI~(55)]、向[∫o~(35)]”。這組量詞都來源于名詞。 第三組“坯[p‘ei~(55)]、廂[∫lα~(31)]、主[dy31]、榨[ts(?)~(35)]、蒲[bu~(13)]”。這些量詞是純粹的量詞。記錄它們的漢字是根據(jù)各自的發(fā)音,從普通話中假借而來的。 第三部分主要研究了5個用法獨特的隆回方言量詞。分析了隆回方言詞“坨[d(?)~(13)]”的量詞特征,研究了不定量詞“啪[ti(?)]”,探討了量詞“餐[ts‘a(chǎn)~(55)]”的語法化過程,剖析了量詞“柣[t∫α~(55)]”的泛化過程,描寫了量詞“下[γ(?)~(24)]”的特殊用法。 結(jié)論部分對全文的研究進行了歸納總結(jié),并對未來的研究工作提出了一些想法。
[Abstract]:With a large number of classifiers is one of the most distinctive features of Chinese grammar. At present, the study of Mandarin classifiers has been very in-depth, but the study of dialect classifiers is rare. Taking Hunan Longhui dialect as the research object, this paper analyzes 156 quantifiers of Longhui dialect by using the relevant theories of description, comparison, semantic feature analysis, grammaticalization, pragmatics and cognitive linguistics. It is hoped that it can provide language research materials for the academic circles to know and understand the quantifiers of Longhui dialect, and provide some references for the further study of Chinese dialects and the comparison between dialects and Putonghua, dialects and dialects. The full text is divided into four parts: the first part is the introduction; the second part is the study of the quantifier system of Longhui dialect; the third part is the case study of the quantifier of Longhui dialect; the fourth part is the summary and prospect of the second and third parts. At the end of this paper, we give a list of quantifiers and nouns in Longhui dialect. In the second part, it introduces the special grammatical features of quantifiers in Longhui dialect. The "quantity" structure composed of quantifiers and numerals in Longhui dialect can be appended with the suffix "cub [tsei ~ (31)]" and structural auxiliary word "[t (?) ~ (31)]". There are two main cases of expressing subjective mass: 1 container quantifier can rely on syllable to distinguish objective quantity from subjective mass and use "measured [t (?) ~ (31)]" structure. There are also two situations in which: 1 uses the structure of "measure" and "measure two" to use the indefinite quantifier "Ur [ti (?)]". Quantifiable adjectives and image quantifiers are two special sentence patterns related to quantifiers. The former means comparison and the latter compares. There are only 9 adjectives that can enter the sentence of "quantifiable adjectives", that is, "big, high, wide, long, thick, deep, heavy and far". In addition, three special groups of quantifiers are described in detail. The first group is "strike [(?) ~ (24)], [t = l~ (35)], [Ki 蔚 ~ (55)] B / K'~ (?) ~ (55), [le35], [s (?) ~ (35)], [I (?) ~ (31)], [d (?) y~ (13)], [da~ (35)], [b (?) U24], [t 鈮，

本文編號：2178868