【摘要】：語(yǔ)言中的音位是以母語(yǔ)者的聽(tīng)感為劃分依據(jù)的,音素與音位之間并不是一一對(duì)應(yīng)的關(guān)系。關(guān)于人類(lèi)是如何完成音素與音位之間的對(duì)應(yīng),這是聽(tīng)覺(jué)感知實(shí)驗(yàn)希望解決的問(wèn)題。目前聽(tīng)感實(shí)驗(yàn)常使用辨認(rèn)實(shí)驗(yàn)和區(qū)分實(shí)驗(yàn)的方式進(jìn)行研究。該實(shí)驗(yàn)是人工合成或半合成在某因素(如共振峰、音高、時(shí)長(zhǎng)等)的參數(shù)上等步幅逐漸改變的連續(xù)統(tǒng),請(qǐng)被試進(jìn)行聽(tīng)感判斷。 本文以普通話(huà)聲調(diào)為研究對(duì)象。前人對(duì)普通話(huà)聲調(diào)的研究多以單音節(jié)刺激音為聽(tīng)感單位,由于漢語(yǔ)聲調(diào)音高的相對(duì)性這一特征,同時(shí)為減小單字中語(yǔ)調(diào)對(duì)音高的影響,本文的實(shí)驗(yàn)是在前人聽(tīng)覺(jué)感知實(shí)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,考察真實(shí)語(yǔ)言雙字組詞中的漢語(yǔ)普通話(huà)聲調(diào)的聽(tīng)覺(jué)感知范疇。 實(shí)驗(yàn)選取兩個(gè)不同調(diào)類(lèi)對(duì)立的雙音節(jié)詞語(yǔ)對(duì),按目標(biāo)字(調(diào)類(lèi)對(duì)立的音節(jié))出現(xiàn)在雙音節(jié)中的不同位置將詞語(yǔ)對(duì)分為前字組(目標(biāo)字在前)和后字組(目標(biāo)字在后)；按參照字(雙字組詞對(duì)中聲韻調(diào)完全一樣的音節(jié))的不同調(diào)類(lèi)將詞語(yǔ)對(duì)分為陰平組、陽(yáng)平組、上聲組、去聲組。刺激音調(diào)域9st至19st；目標(biāo)字是11個(gè)步長(zhǎng)1st的刺激音組成的連續(xù)體；具體實(shí)驗(yàn)刺激音的半合成按照不同調(diào)類(lèi)之間的聽(tīng)感實(shí)驗(yàn)而進(jìn)行具體設(shè)置。通過(guò)進(jìn)行辨認(rèn)實(shí)驗(yàn)及區(qū)分實(shí)驗(yàn),對(duì)辨認(rèn)邊界位置、邊界寬度、最大辨認(rèn)率、感知范疇、區(qū)分峰值和反應(yīng)時(shí)等參數(shù)進(jìn)行分析。 本文涉及的實(shí)驗(yàn)包括陰平-陽(yáng)平之間、陰平-去聲之間、陰平-上聲之間、陽(yáng)平-上聲之間、去聲-上聲之間、不同時(shí)長(zhǎng)、雷琴音與真詞音對(duì)比的聽(tīng)感實(shí)驗(yàn)。 其中陰平-陽(yáng)平實(shí)驗(yàn)確定了陰平調(diào)在起點(diǎn)位置的聽(tīng)感范疇、陰平-去聲實(shí)驗(yàn)確定了陰平調(diào)在終點(diǎn)位置的聽(tīng)感范疇、陰平-上聲實(shí)驗(yàn)確定了普通話(huà)兩個(gè)平調(diào)之間調(diào)階的聽(tīng)感范疇。本文在對(duì)這三個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)整理和結(jié)果概述的基礎(chǔ)上,總結(jié)并分析了陰平調(diào)的聽(tīng)感范疇。 陽(yáng)平-上聲實(shí)驗(yàn)確定了上聲調(diào)在終點(diǎn)位置的聽(tīng)感范疇、去聲-上聲實(shí)驗(yàn)確定了上聲調(diào)在起點(diǎn)位置的聽(tīng)感范疇。結(jié)合陰平-上聲實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果,本文總結(jié)并分析了上聲調(diào)的聽(tīng)感范疇。 同時(shí),結(jié)合陰平-陽(yáng)平實(shí)驗(yàn)確定的陽(yáng)平調(diào)的起點(diǎn)位置聽(tīng)感范疇、陽(yáng)平-上聲實(shí)驗(yàn)確定的陽(yáng)平調(diào)的終點(diǎn)位置聽(tīng)感范疇,總結(jié)陽(yáng)平的聽(tīng)感范疇；結(jié)合陰平-去聲實(shí)驗(yàn)確定的去聲調(diào)的終點(diǎn)位置聽(tīng)感范疇、去聲-上聲實(shí)驗(yàn)確定的去聲調(diào)的起點(diǎn)位置聽(tīng)感范疇,總結(jié)去聲的聽(tīng)感范疇。 由此,我們對(duì)漢語(yǔ)普通話(huà)各調(diào)類(lèi)的聽(tīng)感范疇有了大致的分析,由此總結(jié)了漢語(yǔ)普通話(huà)聲調(diào)的聽(tīng)感格局。 除此之外,影響漢語(yǔ)聲調(diào)聽(tīng)覺(jué)感知的因素,也是我們所關(guān)心的主要問(wèn)題之一。 我們通過(guò)陰平-上聲聽(tīng)感中時(shí)長(zhǎng)因素作用研究的實(shí)驗(yàn),分析了音高和時(shí)長(zhǎng)因素對(duì)陰平-上聲聽(tīng)感分界的影響。著重討論了時(shí)長(zhǎng)因素在普通話(huà)陰平調(diào)和上聲調(diào)之間的聽(tīng)感上的影響作用,討論仍然分前字對(duì)比組和后字對(duì)比組進(jìn)行了分別分析,結(jié)果表明在前字組和后字組中時(shí)長(zhǎng)因素的影響作用程度也有所不同。 我們還以陽(yáng)平-上聲的聽(tīng)感分界實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果為例,從不同選詞、不同被試性別、不同選項(xiàng)呈現(xiàn)順序、不同刺激音播放順序這幾個(gè)方面的數(shù)據(jù)表現(xiàn)來(lái)分析不同外部因素對(duì)漢語(yǔ)普通話(huà)聲調(diào)的聽(tīng)覺(jué)感知影響。 另外,我們以陽(yáng)平-上聲的實(shí)驗(yàn)為例,對(duì)雷琴刺激音與真詞刺激音對(duì)比實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行描述和分析。通過(guò)對(duì)在雷琴音基礎(chǔ)上模擬漢語(yǔ)聲調(diào)的刺激音的聽(tīng)感實(shí)驗(yàn),對(duì)比控制了音強(qiáng)與音質(zhì)因素后的雷琴音實(shí)驗(yàn)與之前的真詞音實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果異同。希望能進(jìn)一步總結(jié)普通話(huà)聽(tīng)感的影響因素,并發(fā)現(xiàn)更好的、可行的實(shí)驗(yàn)方法。 據(jù)此,我們對(duì)影響聽(tīng)覺(jué)感知的內(nèi)部因素、外部語(yǔ)言因素及非語(yǔ)言學(xué)因素有了一定程度的了解。在此基礎(chǔ)上,我們總結(jié)了漢語(yǔ)聲調(diào)的聽(tīng)感影響因素。我們認(rèn)為,除了音高因素之外,漢語(yǔ)普通話(huà)聲調(diào)聽(tīng)感的影響因素還有很多,這些因素對(duì)不同調(diào)類(lèi)間感知影響的程度也是各不相同的。
[Abstract]:The phonemes in the language are based on the hearing sense of the native speakers, and the relationship between phonemes and phonemes is not one-to-one. How does the human be complete the correspondence between phonemes and phonemes is the problem that the auditory perception experiment hopes to solve. The test is a continuum of artificial or semi-synthetic changes in the parameters of certain factors (such as formants, pitches, duration, etc.). The subjects are asked to make auditory judgments.
This paper studies the tone of Putonghua as an object of study. Most of the previous studies on the tone of Putonghua take monosyllabic stimulus sound as a listening unit. Due to the relativity of the pitch of Chinese tone, and to reduce the influence of intonation in the single word on the pitch, the experiment is on the basis of the previous auditory perception experiments. The category of auditory perception in the tone of Mandarin Chinese.
The experiment selects two different disyllabic words with different categories. According to the different positions of the target words (the opposite syllables), the words are divided into the front word group (the target word in front) and the post word group (the target word is after), and the words are divided according to the different classification of the reference word (the double word group is exactly the same syllables to the medium sound). For the Yin group, the Yang Ping group, the upper sound group and the sound removal group. The stimulus range 9ST to 19st; the target word is a continuum composed of 11 step length 1st stimulus sounds; the semi synthesis of the specific experimental stimulus sounds is set up in detail according to the listening experiment between different types of modulation. By the identification experiment and the distinction experiment, the boundary location, boundary width, and the width of the boundary are identified. The maximum recognition rate, perception category, peak value and reaction time were analyzed.
The experiments involved in this paper include the balance between yin and Yang Ping, between the Yin and the sound, between the Yin and the sound, between the Yang Ping and the sound, between the sound and the sound, between the sound and the sound, the different length of time, the contrast between the Lei Qin sound and the true word sound.
The Yin Ping and Yang Ping experiment determines the category of hearing sense in the starting position of the Yin Ping tone. The Yin Ping and the sound elimination experiment determines the audibility category of the Yin Ping tone at the terminal position. The Yin Ping and the sound experiment determines the listening sense category between the two tones of the Putonghua. Based on the data sorting and the summary of the three experiments, this paper summarizes the summary of the results. It also analyzes the category of hearing sense of Yin Ping tone.
In the experiment of Yang Ping and upper sound, the listening sense category of the tone at the terminal position is determined. The acoustic and upper sound experiment determines the auditory sense category of the top tone in the starting position.
At the same time, combined with the Yin Ping Yang Ping experiment to determine the starting position of Yangping tune, the hearing sense category of Yangping tone experiment is determined by Yang Ping and Shang Sheng experiment, and the category of hearing sense of Yangping is summed up. Sense category, summing up the sound of sound sense of the category.
Therefore, we have made a general analysis of the auditory categories of various tones in Putonghua, and thus summarized the auditory pattern of tones in Putonghua.
Besides, the factors that affect the perception of Chinese tones are also one of the main concerns.
We analyzed the influence of pitch and length factor on the boundary between the Yin and the sound and the hearing sense by the study of the effect of the time and long factors on the effect of the pitch and the length factors on the boundary between the Yin and the sound. The results show that the influence of time factor is different in the former and the latter.
We also take the results of the hearing sense demarcation experiment in Yang Ping and Shanghai as an example, and analyze the auditory perception of different external factors on the tone of Mandarin tones from different selection of words, different sexes, the order of different options and the sequence of different stimuli.
In addition, we describe and analyze the contrast experiment between the irritation sound and the real word stimulus sound in the experiment of Yang Ping and Shanghai, and compare the similarities and differences between the experiment of the thunder and the true words in the previous experiment, by comparing the hearing experiments of the stimulus sound that simulates the Chinese tone on the basis of the thunder sound. It can further summarize the influencing factors of Putonghua sense of hearing, and find better and feasible experimental methods.
On this basis, we have a certain degree of understanding of the internal factors, external language factors and non linguistic factors that affect auditory perception. On this basis, we summarize the influence factors of the tone of Chinese tones. We believe that there are many factors affecting the tone audible tone of Chinese Mandarin besides the pitch factors, which are different to different tones. The degree of inter class perception is also different.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南開(kāi)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：H116.4

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