【摘要】：漢語有大量同義詞。表示同一事物,同一概念,往往有幾個(gè),甚至十幾個(gè)同義詞。意義相同或相近的詞組成了同義義場。同義義場屬于語義場類別中的重要一員。屬于同一語義場的各詞義有共同的義素,共同義素表明各詞義之間的聯(lián)系；又有一些不同的義素,區(qū)別義素表示各詞義之間的區(qū)別。通過分析同義語義場中各個(gè)詞的共同義素和區(qū)別義素,可以更準(zhǔn)確地把握有關(guān)的詞義。對(duì)于同義詞的研究,以常用詞的研究最為常見。常用詞是詞匯系統(tǒng)的核心部分,在詞匯系統(tǒng)中占有舉足輕重的地位,通常可以反映出義場成員在一定時(shí)期內(nèi)的發(fā)展變化規(guī)律。而心理詞匯是常用詞中非常重要的部分,不僅與人類社會(huì)的誕生和社會(huì)意識(shí)形態(tài)的形成密切相關(guān),也是日常生活中思想意識(shí)的集中反映,因此本文以心理詞匯為研究重點(diǎn)。 本文考察的重點(diǎn)是“恐懼”類心理動(dòng)詞,以語義場理論為基礎(chǔ),選取從上古漢語到現(xiàn)代漢語四個(gè)歷史平面作為研究范圍,對(duì)這四個(gè)歷史平面上“恐懼”類常用詞分別進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)性的描寫,并在此基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)比研究,以探討“恐懼”類心理動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)以及從上古到現(xiàn)代繼承與演變發(fā)展的原因。 第一部分(第一章)回顧基于語義場理論的詞匯研究和“恐懼”義詞語研究現(xiàn)狀,明確本課題的研究對(duì)象,闡述本課題的研究方法并交代語料來源。 第二部分(第二章-第五章)按照恐懼程度和意義差別,把漢語中的20個(gè)常用“恐懼”詞語分為三個(gè)大的程度類別,結(jié)合詞典釋義和語言的實(shí)際運(yùn)用,對(duì)每個(gè)常用心理動(dòng)詞詳細(xì)統(tǒng)計(jì)描寫,并在最小語義場內(nèi)對(duì)比研究,分析最小子場義位之間存在的上下義位關(guān)系,從詞匯、語義的角度對(duì)“恐懼”類心理動(dòng)詞語義場的演變發(fā)展情況作對(duì)比研究。 第三部分(第六章)得出結(jié)論：通過對(duì)“恐懼”類語義場的歷時(shí)比較,總結(jié)義場成員的演變特點(diǎn)及原因。
[Abstract]:There are many synonyms in Chinese. The same thing, the same concept, there are often several, or even a dozen synonyms. Words with the same or similar meanings form synonymous fields. Synonymous field is an important member of semantic field category. Each word belonging to the same semantic field has the same sememe, the common sememe indicates the relation between the meanings of each word, and there are some different sememes, which indicate the difference between the meanings of each word. By analyzing the common and differential meanings of each word in the synonym field, we can grasp the relevant meanings more accurately. For synonyms, the study of common words is the most common. The common words are the core part of the lexical system and play an important role in the lexical system. They usually reflect the development and changes of the members of the semantic field in a certain period of time. Psychological vocabulary is a very important part of common words, which is not only closely related to the birth of human society and the formation of social ideology, but also a concentrated reflection of ideology in daily life. The focus of this study is "fear" psychological verbs. Based on the theory of semantic field, four historical planes, from ancient Chinese to modern Chinese, are selected as the research scope. On the basis of systematic description of the common words of "fear" in the four historical planes, this paper makes a comparative study on the characteristics of the psychological verbs of "fear" and the reasons for their inheritance and evolution from ancient to modern times. The first part (Chapter 1) reviews the present situation of lexical research based on semantic field theory and the word "fear", clarifies the research object of this topic, expounds the research methods of this subject and explains the source of the corpus. The second part (Chapters-V) divides the 20 commonly used "fear" words in Chinese into three large degree categories according to the difference of fear degree and meaning, and combines the dictionary interpretation and the actual use of language. A detailed statistical description of each commonly used psychological verb and a comparative study in the minimal semantic field are made to analyze the relationship between the upper and lower sememes among the most minor field sememes. From the semantic point of view, a comparative study is made on the evolution and development of the semantic field of the psychological verb "fear". The third part (Chapter 6) draws a conclusion: through the diachronic comparison of the semantic field of "fear", the evolution characteristics and reasons of the members of the semantic field are summarized.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：云南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：H13

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