【摘要】：致使移動(dòng)構(gòu)式不僅是一個(gè)語義概念,也是生活中的基本經(jīng)驗(yàn)。它不僅豐富了語言表達(dá)形式,而且加強(qiáng)了表達(dá)效果。前人對致使移動(dòng)構(gòu)式研究已經(jīng)深入解析了語義及句法等特征,但是仍有一定的研究空間。本文在已有的研究基礎(chǔ)上以構(gòu)式語法為指導(dǎo),對比漢法致使移動(dòng)構(gòu)式的相似性及差異性及其原因。 致使移動(dòng)的基本語義為：施事者(agent)作用于受事者(patient),通過力的傳遞而致使受事者發(fā)生位置的改變,此改變會(huì)遵循致使力所指定的路徑來移動(dòng)。從認(rèn)知語言學(xué)角度出發(fā),句法形成過程按照：事件結(jié)構(gòu)→概念結(jié)構(gòu)→語義結(jié)構(gòu)→句法結(jié)構(gòu),本文所研究的致使移動(dòng)構(gòu)式也不例外。致使移動(dòng)的事件結(jié)構(gòu)表現(xiàn)在生活中的一種場景,即存在一個(gè)施事者,它引發(fā)了力的傳遞從而作用于受事者,從而導(dǎo)致受事者發(fā)生位移改變。當(dāng)人們感覺到了事件結(jié)構(gòu)后就會(huì)在頭腦中形成這種移動(dòng)的概念結(jié)構(gòu)。出于表達(dá)的需要,人們進(jìn)一步將其轉(zhuǎn)化為致使移動(dòng)的語義結(jié)構(gòu),其中心語義是“作用力導(dǎo)致受事者移動(dòng)”,其擴(kuò)展的語義包含“蘊(yùn)涵致使”、“能夠致使”、“幫助致使”和“阻止致使”。本文從語義限制的角度,對比漢法致使移動(dòng)構(gòu)式的主要成分：施事者、受事者、作用力和結(jié)果。由于共同的認(rèn)知,漢法致使移動(dòng)在以上三方面大致相似,但二者的相異之處在于它們的句法形式。法語的致使移動(dòng)構(gòu)式形式比較單一,表現(xiàn)為：‘"[SUBJ[V OBJ OBLPP]]";漢語的相應(yīng)的形式稍微復(fù)雜些表現(xiàn)為："[SUBJ [OBJBaNP V OBLDP]]",另外一種表達(dá)形式與法語相近："[SUBJ[V OBJ OBLDP]]"。在漢語中,人們根據(jù)不同的需要來選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)谋磉_(dá)。除此之外,漢法致使移動(dòng)構(gòu)式在認(rèn)知決定和移動(dòng)路徑的表述上也有較大的差異,本文在構(gòu)式理論指導(dǎo)下分析兩者的差異及原因。 本文認(rèn)為致使移動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)作為人類的基本活動(dòng)經(jīng)驗(yàn),存在于漢法兩種語言之中。由于共同的認(rèn)知特點(diǎn),所以兩者在事件結(jié)構(gòu)、概念結(jié)構(gòu)和語義結(jié)構(gòu)上的差別不是很大。但是鑒于生存環(huán)境和歷史的發(fā)展過程不同,語言系統(tǒng)在形成中表現(xiàn)出很大的差異,從而表現(xiàn)為句法形式上的差異性。本文擬在解讀漢法致使移動(dòng)構(gòu)式的語義句法特征并分析其共性和差異。
[Abstract]:Moving structure is not only a semantic concept, but also a basic experience in life. It not only enriches the form of language expression, but also strengthens the effect of expression. The predecessors have deeply analyzed the semantic and syntactic features, but still have some research space on the research of causative structure, but this paper is based on the existing research. Grammar is the guide to compare the similarities and differences between the Chinese and French induced mobile constructions.
The basic semantic meaning of the cause of movement is that the agent acts on the recipient (patient) to change the position of the recipient through the transfer of force, and this change will follow the path specified by the causative force. From the perspective of cognitive linguistics, the process of syntactic formation is based on event structure, conceptual structure, semantic structure, syntax. Structure, the causative structure of this article is no exception. The event structure of the mobile is represented in a scene in life, the existence of a performer, which triggers the transfer of force to the victim, which leads to the displacements of the victims. The semantic structure of the movement is further translated into the semantic structure of the cause of movement. The central meaning of the semantic structure is that the "force leads to the movement of the victims". The semantic meaning of the extension includes "implication causation", "can cause", "help cause" and "prevent cause". From the angle of semantic restriction, this article contrasts Han. The law leads to the main components of the movement structure: the donors, the recipients, the forces and the results. Because of the common cognition, the Han law makes the movement roughly similar in the three aspects, but the differences of the two are in their syntactic forms. The French causative structure form is relatively simple, "[SUBJ[V OBJ OBLPP]]"; the corresponding Chinese The form is slightly more complex: "[SUBJ [OBJBaNP V OBLDP]]", and the other form of expression is similar to French: "[SUBJ[V OBJ OBLDP]]". In Chinese, people choose appropriate expressions according to different needs. In addition, the Chinese law makes a larger difference in the expression of the mobile structure in the representation of cognitive decision and the movement path. Under the guidance of constructional theory, the differences and reasons are analyzed.
This paper argues that the mobile structure is a basic human activity experience and exists in the two languages of the Han Dynasty. Because of the common cognitive characteristics, the difference between the two is not very big in the event structure, the conceptual structure and the semantic structure. However, in view of the different development process of the living environment and history, the language system shows very much in its formation. The difference between them is manifested as syntactic differences. In this paper, we will interpret the semantic syntactic features and analyze their similarities and differences.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H146;H32

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